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Science Term 2 By: George 89C - Coggle Diagram
Science Term 2
By: George 89C
pH
pH scale
pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is
pH ranges from 0 to 14
Around 7 is neutral
Around below 5 is acidic
Around above 10 is alkali
Litmus paper
Red litmus paper will turn blue in alkali solutions
Blue litmus paper will turn red in acidic solutions
Red litmus paper will stay red if the solution is acidic
Blue litmus paper will stay blue if the solution is alkali
Neutralization
Happens when a acid and base is mixed together to make a neutral solution
Example: a PH of 2 and a PH of 12 is mixed so it will become neutralized and be a pH of 7
Disadvantage of litmus paper:
Litmus paper can only see if the paper is acidic or alkali
it can't see if the solution is a strong acid/ base
or weak acid/ base
Acid and base
Acid
Acid are solutions that has H+ Ions
Properties of acids:
Sour
Conducts electricity
Blue litmus paper turns red
They break certain substances
Use of acids
Acetic Acid: Vinegar
Citric acid: Lemon
Ascorbic Acid: Vitamin c
Sulfuric Acid: Car batteries
Both acid and base are Conductive and corrosive
Base
Base are solutions that has OH- ions
Properties of base:
Bitter
Slippery
Red litmus paper turns blue
Use
Cleaning products
Cleaner
Your blood
History of atoms
Ernest Rutherford
Founded nucleus in 1911 and protons in 1919
Nuclear Model
Erwin Schrodinger
Founded that in clouds is where a electron is possible to be found in 1926
Quantum Model
J.J. Thompson
Founded Electrons in 1904
Plum Pudding Model
Niels Bohr
Founded atomic shell in 1913
Planetary Model
John Dalton
Founded Atoms are tiny balls in 1803
Solid Sphere Model
Atoms, Molecule, Ions
Subatomic Particles
Protons:
Positive Charge
1 AMU
Neutrons:
Neutral Charge
1 AMU
Electron
Negative charge
1/2000 or 1/1800 AMU
Shorthand notation
Symbols: Elements are symbolized by one or two letters
Atomic mass: Approximately the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom
Atomic number: All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. Atomic numbers are the small numbers in the bottom
Isotopes:
Elements are defined by the number of protons
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different massses
Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons
Average Mass: Heavier ion turns less in the magnetic field because of higher mass
Natural Abundance: Convert percent into decimal then times it with the mass and plus both result together.
Ions
When atoms lose or gain electrons they become ions
Anion: Negative
Cations
Positive
Ionic bonds: Ionic compounds are generally formed between metals and nonmetals