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Mumps - Coggle Diagram
Mumps
Diagnosis
Complications — these may occur in the absence of parotitis. - Epididymo-orchitis, Oophoritis, Viral meningitis, Deafness, Pancreatits.
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Non-specific symptoms (which may precede parotitis), such as low-grade fever, headache, earache, malaise, muscle ache, and loss of appetite
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Consider a diagnosis of mumps in people presenting with parotitis (swollen parotid glands) — this is present in 95% of symptomatic cases.
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Diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory analysis of a salvia sample to detect presence of immunoglobulin (Ig)M mumps antibody.
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Management
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Consider follow up around a week after onset of parotitis to check symptoms are resolving and ensure the person is up-to-date with vaccinations.
Advise the person it is a self-limiting condition, resolving over 1-2 weeks, antibiotic treatment is not required. Rest, drink fluids, use of Paracetamol/Ibuprofen for symptomatic relief. Use of warm/cold pack to the parotid gland as it may ease discomfort. Stay off school/work for 5 days after the initial development of parotitis.
Give safety netting advice - symptoms of meningitis, or Epididymo-orchitis.
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Contact management - offer immunization with MMR who are not full vaccinated and seek medical advice if they develop symptoms of Mumps.
Admission - contact hospital prior to admission to arrange isolation. If the person shows signs of mumps encephalitis or mumps meningitis, admit. If, following epididymo-orchitis (particularly if it was bilateral), a man has an abnormal semen analysis, or is experiencing infertility — seek specialist advice.
Manage pregnant women the same as otherwise healthy people. Advise to seek medical advice if they develop symptoms. MMR is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Manage immunocompromised people who are suspected of having mumps in the same way as otherwise healthy people. In those not fully vaccinated - do not routinely administer MMR, seek specialist advice and advise to seek medical advice if they develop symptoms.
Management suspected mumps epididymo-orchitis - advise on symptomatic relief with bed rest, scrotal support, application of warm/cold packs, paracetamol/ibuprofen. Symptoms usually resolve within 2 weeks. If fertility concerns offer semen analysis 3 months after mumps has resolved. No specific treatment.
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Definition: Mumps is an acute infectious disease caused by a paramyxovirus characterised by bilateral parotid swelling. It is spread by respiratory droplets and has an incubation period of 16-18 days. Its most infectious between 1/2 days before the onset of symptoms until around day 9. Nearly all develop life-long immunity after one episode of infection. Following the introduction of MMR there was an immediate and significant decrease in the amount of people who contracted mumps.