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8.2 The Renaissance in Italy - Coggle Diagram
8.2 The Renaissance in Italy
Definition
The basis of the Renaissance
Linked to the artistic change that occured in the 15th and 16th centuries
New artistic approaches
Revived the styles of Ancient Greek and Roman art
Two major artistic periods
Quattrocento
Cinquecento
Architecture
Quattrocento
15th century
The aim was to create harmonious spaces based on mathematical and geometrical studies.
Most important architects
Brunelleschi
He designed the dome of Florence Cathedral
Alebrti
He designed the Basilica di Sant’Andrea
Cinquecento
16th century
Began to scrupulously respect ancient architectural orders
Bramante designed the most important building of the century
St. Peter’s Basilica
Characteristics
The growth of civil architecture
Although churches continued to be built
Civil buildings, such as hospitals and palaces, gained importance
Return to classical structural elements
Architects returned to the use of columns imitating Ancient Greek and Roman designs
Builidng concept and design
Architects designed buildings which found harmony in shapes and proportion
Adapting to human ideals
The revival of ancient Roman roofs
Semi-circular arches, barrel vaults and domes were used
These elements were combined with architraves in many buildings
Innovations in architecture departed from older Gothic forms
Painting
Characteristics
Balance
The position of the figures could not disrupt the harmonious balance of the painting
The use of light
Light was used to depict areas of light and shadow, perfecting the illusion of depth
The illusion of depth
Artists experimented with and developed the technique of perspective
Proportion
Proportion was considered the essence of beauty
The command of drawing was considered more important than colour
Quattrocento
15th century
Painters further developed the techniques of depth and perspective
Can be seen in works of Mosaicco or Piero della Francesca
The most important painter
Botticelli
Cinquecento
16th century
Michelangelo’s paintings are examples of monumentality and mastery of depth
Venetian School
Titian and Tintonretto
Were prominent members of this school
Advances in painting techniques, as they tried to produce very realistic pictures
A wider variety of themes, such as mythology, allegory, history, and portraits
Sculpture
Influenced by Gothic naturalism
But the main influence was classical sculpture
Main characteristics:
New themes
Mythological and historical themes were added
To traditional religious themes
Form
Two forms
Sculptures in the round
They were free-standing sculptures
They were observable from various angles
Relief sculptures
They were carved directly onto flat surfaces
Variety of materials
Marble, bronze are wood were used
Wood was mainly used for religious sculptures
The pursuit of ideal beauty
Was characterised by balance
Was inspired by Ancient Greek and Roman approach
Artists studied anatomy and the proportions of the human body
Two main periods
Quattrocento
15th century
Florence was the most important centre for sculpture
Ghiberti skillfully depicted landscapes and depth
Donatello had an excellent knowledge of human anatomy
He created balanced sculptures of nudes with serene facial expressions
Cinquecento
16th century
Rome became another centre for sculpture
The greatest artist of the time was Michelangelo
Michelangelo’s works show new developments in monumentality
Michelangelo developed a style called terribilitá
Was characterised by the contained strength and great expressiveness of the figures
