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POSITIVES & NEGATIVES, overall positives of FREDRICKSON'S ARTICLE …

- - - - RECOMMENDATION: the necessity to define positive emotions effectively and coherently in order to learn about the mechanisms underlying the effects of positive emotions. The term positive is difficult to apply with a unified approach and that a holistic and balanced view of emotions and their functionality is crucial.
        
        POSITIVE: Fredrickson (2001) believes that positive emotions not only signal health and well-being, as previously suggested, but they also produce health and well-being
    - - This demonstrates the lack of conceptual clarity and coherence in the research.
  - - - POSITIVE:
  - - - POSITIVE:
    - - . For example, those from individualistic cultures tend to consider pride as a desirable emotion, and those from collectivist cultures tend to consider guilt a desirable emotion (Eid and Diener, 2001).
        
        CLASSIFICATION OF EMOTIONS DIFFER BETWEEN CULTURES:
        Cross-cultural research casts doubt on the classification of emotions as strictly positive or negative, because an emotion that is considered negative in one culture can be considered positive in another (Eid and Diener, 2001).
        
        n order for the research to be meaningful and applicable it is important to realise that the emotions’ valence depends on context, which is partially generated by societal factors.
  - - - POSITIVE: The undoing effect has been extensively studied and includes multiple indices of physiological recovery that permits a comprehensive exploration of the effect of positive emotions on biological systems and processes.
- - - - RECOMMENDATION: An appropriate test of the broaden-and-build theory requires that observations of each variable be made for each person on many occasions over time; two time points are not adequate for studies of developmental processes or change (Rogosa, 1995).
- - - - While positive emotions may not directly affect our actions in the same way that negative emotions do, they play a critical role in healthy human functioning by broadening our minds and building our resources. These resources may become critical during times of need. The positive moments you have shared with friends may pay dividends when you find yourself leaning on these networks for support.
        
        Fredrickson’s Broaden-and-Build theory draws a framework highlighting how experiencing positivity today can help secure our happiness tomorrow.
        
        Despite the incongruences that abound in defining emotions, whether positive emotions add any
        significant value to optimal human functioning, it becomes evident that emotions are complex.
        
        while more research is needed to understand how positive emotions affect human cognition and behaviour, Fredrickson's contribution to the scarce body of knowledge on positive emotions is recognised.
        
        a lot of evidence has come forward embracing the beneficial effects derived from positive emotions. However, the research documenting these effects is often characterised with incoherent terminology and conceptual ambiguity. In order to fully understand and be able to promote the effects efficiently there is a need to describe the underlying mechanisms.
- - - - Fredrickson (2001) sometimes implicitly refers to negative emotions in relation to primitive fight and flight responses; however, Sirgy and Wu (2009) embrace a more holistic view of emotions. They postulate that the highest subjective well-being requires an involvement of several life domains (e.g., family, work and leisure) to satisfy the full range of a person’s different developmental needs (e.g., safety, biological and, self-actualisation).
        
        evidence suggests that less intense but more frequent positive emotions is stronger associated with subjective well-being compared with more intense but less frequent positive emotions (Diener, Larsen, Levine, & Emmons, 1985). This again shows that positive emotions should be placed in a context in order to be meaningful, which the broaden-and-build theory fails to do. The broaden-and-build theory has contributed with a progressive perspective of positive emotions based on various methodological methods. However, it tends to overestimate the importance of positive emotions whilst failing to adequately incorporate ‘appropriate negativity’.
        
        More generally, comparing the effects of positive emotions (and related phenomena like traits, moods, and success) to those of negative emotions (and related phenomena) inevitably produces ambiguous results: It remains unclear whether differences should be attributed to positive emotions, negative emotions, or both. As long advanced by Isen (1987), comparisons between positive and neutral states are critical for stringent tests of the unique effects of positive emotions.2