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Akhtar 9A Science MindMap - Coggle Diagram
Akhtar 9A Science MindMap
Base
Definition:
A base is a solution that has an excess of OH- ions.
Another word for base is alkali.
Properties of base:
Feel Slippery
Taste Bitter
Can conduct electricity
Corrosive
Basic solutions have pH values above 7
Uses of base:
Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many other cleaning products some of their useful properties
The OH- ions interact strongly with certain substances, such as dirt and grease
Chalk and oven cleaner are examples of familiar products that contain bases
Your blood is a basic solution
Bases turn litmus paper blue
A base neutralizes an acid by accepting hydrogen ions from the acid
Bases are substances that can accept hydrogen ions
Extra facts about Base:
Salt
Definition:
Salt is a chemical compound consisting of an ionic assembly of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, which results in a compound with no net electric charge
In chemical terms, salts are ionic compounds
Salt is a substance produced by the reaction of an acid with a base
A salt consists of the positive ion (cation) of a base and the negative ion (anion) of an acid
Atoms
Subatomic Particles
Proton
Has a positive charge
They are located in the middle of the atom (the nucleus)
The relative mass of a proton is 1
Neutron
Has no charge (they are neutral
They are located in the middle of the atom (the nucleus)
The relative mass of a neutron is 1
Electron
Has a negative charge
They are located on the outer shell of the atom
They are considered nearly massless
Molecule
Definition
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
Some molecules are long spirals while others may be pyramid shaped
DNA is a super long molecule that has information uniquely describing every human being.
Ion
Definition:
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
Ionic compounds
Ionic compounds (such as NaCl) are generally formed between metals and nonmetals.
When atoms lose or gain electrons, they become ions.
Often they lose or gain electrons to have the same number of electrons as the nearest noble gas.
What is an atom?
The basic unit of a chemical element, and the source of nuclear energy
Isotopes
What is an Isotope?
Isotopes are two or more types of atoms that have the same atomic number and position in the periodic table
Examples of isotope
Carbon-14, tritium (hydrogen-3), chlorine-36, uranium-235, and uranium-238.
Acid
Definition
An acid is a solution that has an excess of H+ ions
Extra facts about acid:
The more H+ ions, the more acidic the solution
Properties of acid:
Tastes Sour
Conduct Electricity
Corrosive, which means they break down certain substances. Many acids can corrode fabric, skin,and paper
Some acids react strongly with metals
Turns blue litmus paper red
Uses of acid:
Acetic Acid = Vinegar
Citric Acid = lemons, limes, & oranges. It is in many sour candies such as lemonhead & sour patch.
Ascorbic acid = Vitamin C which your body needs to function.
Sulfuric acid is used in the production of fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
Car batteries
Acids have a pH of 7 or less