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CULTURE, BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITION - Coggle Diagram
CULTURE, BEHAVIOUR AND COGNITION
key definitions
ACCULTURATION: The process through which someone becomes acquainted with another culture and tends to adopt its norms and practices.
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CULTURAL NORM: a system of norms based on socially or culturally held views about how a person should act in order to be accepted by that group
SURFACE CULTURE: What we easily and straightly notice as different when we come into contact with another group.
DEEP CULTURE: A group's views, attitudes, and values
ENCULTURATION: Enculturation refers to the process of adopting or internalising your culture's schemas. it is an unconscious process
ACCULTURATION: The process through which someone becomes acquainted with another culture and tends to adopt its norms and practices.
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cultural dimensions - Dimensions describe how a society's ideals influence conduct. A dimension explains the behavioral tendencies of a certain culture.
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BERRY (1967)
sample: 3 distinct and different cultures, 120 participants
Each group consisted of individuals who had never received a Western education and continued to live the traditional way of life, as well as others who were "in transition" - either having Western education or working in the West.
They were given nine lines to work with. They were instructed to match the line on the bottom that most nearly matched the line on top.
When informed what other Temne believed, even if it was inaccurate, the Temne, which is the collectivistic culture, had a considerably greater percentage of adherence. The Inuits, on the other hand, were even less conformist than the Scots.
results: There was no substantial difference between groups, which suggests it made no difference whether the subjects lived a traditional life or were heavily exposed to Western society.
hofstede - ecological fallacy: When comparing two cultures, it should not be expected that two people from different cultures must be different, or that a single person of a culture would constantly exhibit the dimensions that are the norm of that culture.
PAY ATTENTION TO RESEARCHER'S BIAS - danger that their biases confirmations could be seen by the observations
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enculturation
Babies do not inherit a "culture." Through interactions with gatekeepers, they get a grasp of the culture's values, language, and expectations. Through connection with their classmates, they also build a culture. It is a continuous process that strengthens your cultural identity.
VALUES ENCULTURATION - Social interactions, gender roles, time orientation, health and sickness views, and moral beliefs
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PARTICIPATORY LEARNING - children engage in an activity and then transfer that learning to later situations.
ODDEN & ROCHAT (2004)
investigated the impact of Social Cognitive Learning Theory on the formation of cultural norms in Samoa
looked at line fishing behavior and mental knowledge of rank and hierarchy The researchers conducted a 25-month longitudinal study on 28 adolescents in a single Samoan community.
Samoan children are mostly left to their own devices to learn, with no adults seeking to inspire or arrange their learning.
Young guys spend a lot of time observing adult men fish, but little direct teaching is provided. They discovered that youngsters around the age of ten would steal an adult's fishing equipment and experiment on their own, with no adult supervision. Most adolescents could fish on their own by the age of 12.
There is no clear training about the system until high school, but adolescents witness and overhear their parents' talks about it.
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