Contemporary Interfaces
- Touch Screen
- Speech Input
3.Natural Language
- Handwriting recognition
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Disadvantages
Advantages
Purpose
The user would not need to structure their speech and can communicate to the computer as if it were a person
Suitable for users with physical disabilities/mobility issues.
Benefit: user doesn't need training in command language
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What is a touch screen?
Advantages
Handwriting Recognition works by the user writing on the device using their finger or a graphical device such as a pen and converts the input to electronic text.
It's the assembly of both an input and output device, keeping the device small
How it works:
The touch panel is layered on an electronical device.
Interacting with a computer using a microphone
Lets computers understand or respond to text or voice data (e.g. chat bot or voice assistants such as Alexa)
Benefits:
might not understand what was said
Drawbacks:
Handwriting recognition’s ability to identify text from images and videos and store it in text form can also contribute to greater accessibility.
Quicker and more convenient than typing.
Speech recognition (Text to speech)
The conducting layer is connected to a low voltage so that for a short time, there is a tiny electric current on the screen. This leaves it with a small electric charge. When your finger touches the screen, some of the small electrical charge flows on to it.
Handwriting recognition paves the path for optimal data storage.
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Requires high processing power to run
Information can be scanned in to the device and translated making documents and information easier and faster to share
Will be difficult to use by those with mobility issues in terms of writing using a stylus or their finger
People with accents are harder for computers to understand
Typically very expensive
Difficult to use in noisy environments
Drawbacks
Does not work for all users, cannot read all forms of handwriting. Prone to translation errors.
May be inaccurate due to not recognising accents or colloquialisms
Can be used to automatically transcribe scanned paper documents into a digital form, saving time by not needing to manually type information in..
Converts voice data into text data
Can be used from a distance
Can be used as an alternative input for disabled users improving accessibility
Required for any applications that needs to use voice commands
Not very accurate - selecting detailed objects can be difficult with fingers.
Tiring to use for long periods.
Not suitable for inputting large amounts of data - users may prefer additional peripheral such as a keyboard.
Computer cannot understand slang or mispronunciations
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Breaks down into key words to better understand the user
May require training or practice to use effectively
Less privacy
The ability of the computer to interpret human handwriting - either directly input through a touchscreen or tablet, or scanned in from a piece of paper.
May be less precise or have a smaller range of possible inputs than other forms of input
Uses previous data and common speech patterns to accurately guess what the user is saying
Use whilst in sunlight can result in difficulty seeing the screen
Handwriting recognition is difficult and complex to programme, and solutions vary in quality.
Not robust - can soon become faulty if misused, susceptible to damage through dropping.
Hands and fingers often obscure the screen information while selecting the desired options.
Messy handwriting will be incorrectly read by the device leading to inaccurate information
Speech recognition might be challenged when people speak incorrectly and slur there words.
Modern solutions use ai and deep learning to achieve more accurate pattern recognition. Older solutions worked on identifying individual printed characters, and could not recognise "joined up" handwriting.
Can be used intuitively and with little practice
It is very sensitive interface and hence can also be activated due to stray touches.
Can improve user experience and make it more natural and intuitive
The scanned data requires proper authentication to access, which lowers the risk of security breaches compared to storing hard copies.
May incorrectly interpret input in other languages than what is expected. Can fail to recognise Cyrillic and Arabic characters, for example.
Name entity recognition
Further breaks the input down into a digital format to analyse
Referred to as NEM
The quality and accuracy of converted text depend on the quality of the image
Identifies words of phrases as useful entities
allows for the computer to understand text and speech inputs
Is a more natural and intuitive means of inputting information than typing.
NEM recognises "Kentucky" as a place name while it recognises "Fred" as a persons name.
Processed in real time
Neighbouring symbols can be connected together forming unintended words.
Natural Language Generation
Sometimes referred to as the opposite of speech recognition.
Once handwriting has been translated, it is converted to text by the computer.
Puts structured information into human language
Handwriting information can be slower than typing information.
Can be used to control products linked to it. e.g. Alexa/google home
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intuitive to navigate and use, making it easy for everyone to use even beginners
Touch screen devices typically have a simple interface
Interactive - can pinch and expand to scale images and text
Durable if its not made by apple - talking from experience (true)
No need for another pointing device such as a stylus - works by finger touch
Improves accessibility
Limits the number of peripherals needed
No need for additional peripherals
Can keep users hands free for other purposes (e.g. driving)
Could be slower than typing if there are frequent inaccuracies