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How to paraphrase and to write a summary - Coggle Diagram
How to paraphrase and to write a summary
How to paraphrase
Principles
Keep the original meaning
Use different words and forms
Words and phrases that need not be changed
common nouns that are different to reword efficiently
technical terms
proper nouns
Why do we paraphrase
To avoid the risk of plagiarism
To ensure a full understanding of a source
Methods
Changing word class
Changing word order
Changing vocabulary by using synonyms
Paraphrase restatement of information in your own words without changing the meaning
FRANCIS
A: Put away
N: Note
R: Read repeatedly
C: Compare
IS: Integrate;use grammatical sentences
F: Fit
How to write a summary
Five steps
Based on the notes,make a writing plan
Write a draft
Note down the primary
Proofread and Polish
Read thoroughly
The Challenge
Writing in English, not copying the original
No "adding oil and vinegar"
To differentiate the important from the less important,the primary from the secondary,the general from the specific and the relevant from the irrelevant.Keep the former when necessary
No omitting key points
To clearly understand the overall structure of an article/a lecture,and its building blocks
Simplifying
Summary:A short piece giving the main points of something longer;Approximately 1/3 or 1/4 of the original length