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Landmarks of the Face, oral cavity consists of the following two areas: -…
Landmarks of the Face
Features of the Face
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The philtrum
is the rectangular area between the two ridges running from under the nose to the midline of the upper lip.
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The nasion
is the midpoint between the eyes just below the eyebrows. On the skull, this is the point where the two nasal bones and the frontal bone join.
The glabella
is the smooth surface of the frontal bone; also, the anatomical area directly above the root of the nose.
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Labial and Other Frenula
A frenum, or frenulum :
(plural, frenula), is a narrow band of tissue that connects two structures
maxillary labial frenum
passes from the oral mucosa at the midline of the maxillary arch to the midline of the inner surface of the upper lip.
The mandibular labial frenum
passes from the oral mucosa at the midline of the mandibular arch to the midline of the inner surface of the lower lip.
In the area of the first maxillary permanent molar, the buccal frenum passes from the oral mucosa of the outer surface of the maxillary arch to the inner surface of the cheek
lingual frenum passes from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the ventral border of the tongue
Gingiva
(plural, gingivae), commonly referred to as the “gums,” is masticatory mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth
characteristics
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Surfaces of the attached gingiva and interdental papillae are stippled and resemble the rind of an orange.
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1) Unattached Gingiva also known as marginal gingiva or free gingiva, is the border of the gingiva that surrounds the teeth in a collar-like fashion
which is usually light pink or coral, is not bound to the underlying tissue of the tooth. It consists of the tissues from the top of the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus
is usually about 1 mm wide, and it forms the soft wall of the gingival sulcus. (The sulcus is the space between the tooth and the gum where popcorn husks become lodged.) The unattached gingiva is the first tissue to respond to inflammation.
2) gingival groove
also known as the free gingival groove, is a shallow groove that runs parallel to the margin of the unattached gingiva and marks the beginning of the attached gingiva.
3) interdental gingiva
also known as interdental papilla (plural, papillae), is the extension of the free gingiva that fills the interproximal embrasure between two adjacent teeth.
4) attached gingiva extends from the base of the sulcus to the mucogingival junction. It is a stippled, dense tissue that is self-protecting, firmly bound, and resilient.
face is defined as the part of the head that is visible in a frontal view and is anterior to the ears and all that lies between the hairline and the chin.
Regions of the Face
Forehead, extending from the eyebrows to the hairline
Temples, or temporal area posterior to the eyes
Orbital area, containing the eye and covered by the eyelids
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Zygomatic (malar) area, the prominence of the cheek
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Oral Cavity
The entire oral cavity is lined with mucous membrane tissue. This type of tissue is moist and is adapted to meet the needs of the area it covers.
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