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Adrian Leon Period 5 Nervous Concept Map - Coggle Diagram
Adrian Leon Period 5 Nervous Concept Map
Connective tissue coverings
Arachnoid Mater- middle layer, very thing and resembles spider webbing
Pia mater- deepest layer, covers every fold of brain
Dura mater- most superficial layer, dense and tough, lots of blood vessels
Major divisions/subdivisions
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Somatic
Peripheral
Autonomic nervous system: compare and contrast
CONTRAST: Parasympathetic focus on the body's response to times of rest, meanwhile the sympathetic controls the body during times of "fight or flight" responses
COMPARE: Both are autonomic meaning they are involuntary and control actions such as heart rate, breathing and the widening or narrowing of blood vessels
Action potential and nerve impulse
Step 3- Overshoot- K+channels are slow to open, depolarization can complete
Step 4- Falling phase: when K+ channels open, membrane goes back to resting potential of -70mV
Step 2- Rising phase: fast depolarization due to Na+ rushing into cells
Step 5- Undershoot: repolarization takes over resting potential about -90mV, which prevents the neuron from receiving another stimulus
Step 1- Threshold: potential is achieved if there is strong enough depolarization
Resting membrane- nerve is inactive or at rest
Tissues
Schwann cells
Satelite cells
Microglial cells
Axon
Astrocytes
Dendrite
Neuroglia
Drugs of abuse
Methamphetamine- attacks dopamine neurotransmitter, leads to intense pleasure and exhilaration
Alcohol- attacks GABA inhibitory neurotransmitters, leads to effects in memory formation, decision making, and impulse control
Marijuana- attacks cannabinoid receptor, leads to relaxation and slowed movement
Cocaine- attacks dopamine neurotransmitter, leads to fidgets and the inability to stay still
Ecstasy- attacks serotonin neurotransmitters, affects mood sleep and appetite
LSD- attacks serotonin neurotransmitters, excites the region responsible for wakeful feelings and unexpected stimuli
Heroine- attacks opiate receptor, leads to sedation and joy
Disorders/diseases
Alzheimer's Disease: a form of dementia associated with age, leads to memory loss, suspicion and confusion
Spinal Cord Injury: damage to the spinal cord, leads to weakness, paralysis and loss of feeling
Autism: brain disorder that makes it difficult to communicate, leads to anxiety, depression and repeated behaviors
Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges, leads to irritation, stiff neck and nausea
Cerebrovascular Accident(stroke): when blood flow to a portion of the brain is halted, leads to headaches and balance loss
Multiple Sclerosis (ms): autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath, leads to muscle weakness, constipation and memory loss
Spinal nerves
Lumbar- 5 pairs L1-L5
Sacral- 5 pairs S1-S5
Thoracic- 12 pairs T1-T12
Coccygeal- 1 pair CO1
Cervical- 8 pairs C1-C8
Nerves that directly interact with the spinal cord and modulate motor and sensory information from the body's periphery
Major functions
Sensory Functions- detects changes within the body and outside the body
Integrative Functions- analyzes sensory info, makes decisions regarding appropriate behaviors
Motor Functions- responding to stimuli by initiating muscular contraction or glandular secretions
Neurotransmitters
Serotonin
Glutamate
Dopamine
Acetylcholine
Spinal Cord: parts and functions
Thoracic
Lumbar
Cervical
Responsible for carrying nerve signals from the brain to the body and vice versa
Brain: parts and functions
Temporal Lobe- controls vision, sensory input, language and emotion
Occipital lobe- controls visuospatial processing, visual recognition and memory formation
Parietal Lobe- processes sensory information
Cerebral Cortex- where information processing occurs, split into the 4 lobes
Frontal Lobe- cognitive skills such as emotional expression, problem solving and memory
Sensory Cortex- part of the cerebral cortex responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information for other body parts
Reflex Arc: parts and functions
Sensory neuron sends signal to CNS
Synapse- connection between sensory neuron and motor neuron
Receptor receives stimulus
Motor neuron delivers to target organ
Reflex arc- nerve pathway of a reflex response
Effector is target organ responding to stimulus
Cranial nerves
VI- Abducens: ability to move eyes
VII- Facial: taste sense and facial expression
V- Trigeminal: face sensations, taste and jaw movements
VIII- Vestibulocochlear: sense of balance and hearing
IV- Trochlear: ability to make eyes look up and down or back and forth
IX- Glossopharyngeal: swallow and taste
III-Oculomotor: ability to move and blink eyes
X- Vagus: heart rate and digestion
XI- Accessory: shoulder and neck muscle movement
II-Optic: ability to see
XII- Hypoglossal: ability to move tongue
I-Olfactory: sense of smell
Neuron Classification
Motor- transmit pulses to skeletal muscles, control movements,split into the upper and lower half
Interneurons- connect spinal motor and sensory neurons, mainly found in brain and spinal cord
Sensory- the cells that are activated by the environment, and send their signals to the rest of the nervous system