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Nervous System Isabella Sandoval period 5 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System
Isabella Sandoval
period 5
Major functions of the nervous system
Motor nerves carry signals to your muscles or glands to help you move and function
Sensory nerves carry signals to your brain to help you touch, taste, smell, and see
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
Major divisions are the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
function of sympathetic nervous system is responding to dangerous or stressful situations
function of the parasympathetic nervous system is it relaxes your body after periods of stress or danger
function of the enteric nervous system is it controls motor functions, local blood flow, and modulates immune and endocrine functions
Major subdivisions are the central and peripheral nervous system
Function of the central nervous system is the body's processing centre
Function of the peripheral nervous system is it allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body, which allows us to react to stimuli in our environment
Tissues
connective tissue that composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts
epithelial tissue a type of body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs and is the major tissue in glands.
muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts
its function is movement
nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities
Classification of neruons
sensory provides feedback to the brain for object recognition and protection as the hand interacts with its environment
an example would be jumping, skipping, tapping feet
motor allows us to allow us to move, talk, eat, swallow, and breathe
interneurons connect spinal motor and sensory neurons
an example would be the Golgi cell found in the cerebellum
Connective tissue coverings
The connective tissue sheath covering each fasciculus is known as perimysium, and the innermost sheath surrounding individual muscle fiber is known as endomysium
function of perimsyum is transmitting lateral contractile movements
function of endomysium is that separates single muscle fibres from one another
Major parts and functions of the brain
Cerebrum- initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature
Cerebellum- helps coordinate and regulate a wide range of functions and processes in both your brain and body
Brainstem-responsible for regulating most of the body autonomic functions that are essential for life
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
cervical provides support for the weight of your head, surrounds and protects your spinal cord, and allows for a wide range of head motions
thoracic protects your heart and lungs
lumbar provides stability for your back and spinal column and allow for a point of attachment for many muscles and ligaments
Action potential and the Nerve Impulse
The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current
its function is to propagate information in the nervous system to the central nervous system and propagate commands initiated in the central nervous system to the periphery.
the nerve impulse is where an axon terminal meets another cell is called a synapse
its function is to convey, to the spinal cord and brain, information about the body and about the outside world
Cranial nerve
Olfactory nerve- Fibers synapse in olfactory bulbs. Purely sensory (olfactory) function
Optic nerves- Arise from retinas. Pass through optic canals. Purely sensory (visual) function
Oculomotor nerves- fibers extend from ventral midbrain through superior orbital fissures to 4 to 6 extrinsic muscle. Function in raising eyelid, directing an eyeball, controlling lens shape
Trochlear nerves- fibers from dorsal midbrain enter orbits. Primarily motor nerve that directs eyeball
Trigeminal nerve- three divisions, Ophtalmic passes through superior orbital fissure, Maxillary passes through foramen rotundum, Mandibular passes through the foramen ovale
Abducens nerve- primarily a motor innervating lateral rectus muscle
Facial nerves- sensory function (taste) from anterior two-thirds of tongue
Vestibulocochlear nerves- sensory function, small motor component for adjustment of sensitivity of receptors
Glossopharyngeal nerves- motor functions are to innervate part of tongue and pharynx for swallowing. sensory functions are fibers that conduct taste and general sensory impulses
Vagus nerves- sensory fibers carry impulses from thoracic and abdominal viscera, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and taste buds of posterior tongue and pharynx
Accessory nerves- Formerly spinal accessory nerve
Hypoglossal nerves- Innervate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue that contribute to swallowing
and speech
Spinal nerve
sends electrical signals between your brain, spinal cord and the rest of your body.
These electrical nerve signals help you feel sensations (sensory nerve) and move your body (motor nerves).
Spinal nerves are mixed nerves that interact directly with the spinal cord to modulate motor and sensory information from the body's periphery
Neurotransmitters
acetylcholine e is used at the neuromuscular junctions, triggering the firing of motor neurons and affecting voluntary movements
dopamine is in charge of movement, memory and pleasurable reward and motivation
neropinephrine increases heart rate and blood pumping from the heart
serotonin plays a key role in the body such as mood, sleep, digestion, nausea, wound healing, bone health, blood clotting and sexual desir
GABA reduces neuronal excitability by inhibiting nerve transmission.
Compare and contrast the autonomic nervous system
the autonomic nervous system only has motor pathways.
The autonomic nervous system consists of nerves that connect the CNS to the visceral organs such as the heart, stomach, and intestines. It mediates unconscious activities.
involved in conscious activities
somatic nervous system consists of nerves that go to the skin and muscles
reflex arc
receptor: site of stimulus action
Sensory neuron- transmits afferent impulses to CNS
Integration center- either monosynaptic or polysynaptic regions within CNS
Motor neuron- conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effect organ
Effector- muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting
disorders/disease
anxiety
depression
post traumatic stress disorder
Dissociative Disorders
bipolar
drugs of abuse
Heroine- is used as a painkiller
Ecstasy- this affects your mood by being sleepy, perception, moodiness
Marijuana- makes you feel relaxed and calm
Methamphetamine- this affects your mood by making you feel intense pleasure and exhilaration
Alcohol- makes you have an impulse control, memory formation and decision making
Cocaine- this affects your mood by being fidgety, unable to be still
LSD- this affects your mood by making you feel relaxed