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Elizabeth Maciel Nervous System …
Elizabeth Maciel Nervous System Concept Map
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
The peripheral nervous system
Made up of nerves that branch off the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body
The central nervous system
Made up of brain and spinal cord
Major Functions of the Nervous System
Major aspects of nervous system: sensory input (eyes), integration, and processing and response
Controls voluntary skeletal muscles, and controls involuntary effectors
Transmits signals between the brain, and the rest of the body
The nervous system is categorized by the central nervous system (CNS), and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The nervous system controls memory and learning abilities
Control of body's internal environment to maintain homeostasis
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
Thoracic (chest)
protect your heart and lungs
Lumbar (lower back)
provide stability for your back and spine
Cervical (neck)
provides support for your head
Tissues
Neuroglia
A group of supportive cells that support the nueron
Retain homeostais
Contains myelin sheath
Nuerons
Neurons are the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. All neurons have three different parts
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Connective Tissue Coverings
Perimysium
The middle layer surrounding bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium
The innermost layer surrounding individual muscle fibers
Epimysium
The outermost layer of tissue surrounding the entire muscle
Classification of neurons
Sensory Neurons
Informs your nerves you're touching something hot
Motor Neurons
Located within the spinal cord, and the brain
Controls all muscle movements in the body
Interneurons
enabling communication between sensory or motor neurons
Major parts and functions of the brain
Dura mater
The outermost layer lines your entire skull
Brainstem
regulates many automatic body functions
Cerebellum
maintains your balance, posture, coordination and fine motor skills
Cerebrum
regulates emotions, reasoning and learning
Brain Lobes
Occipital lobes
responsible for visual perception, including colour, form and motion
Parietal lobes
sensory perception and integration, including the management of taste, hearing, sight, touch, and smell
Frontal lobes
important for voluntary movement, expressive language
Temporal lobes
processing information and with the encoding of memory
Action potential & the Nerve Impulse
Action Potential
An action potential is a rapid rise and subsequent fall in voltage or membrane potential across a cellular membrane.
Nerve Impulse
a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber
Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck and torso. Your cranial nerves help you taste, smell, hear and feel sensations.
The cranial nerves are a set of 12 paired nerves in the back of your brain
Spinal nerves
Lumbar Enlargement
Near bottom of spinal cord
Cuada Equina
Where spinal cord tappers
Cervical Enlargement
Near the top of spinal cord
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that carry messages to the brain. They carry chemical messages from one neuron to the next one.
Neurotransmitters are located in a part of the neuron called the axon terminal
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system
Reflex arc
the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action, including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between
Drug Abuse
Heroine
Inhibitory Nuerotransmitters
Ecstasy
Serotonin transporters
LSD
Serotonin Receptors
Marijuana
Inhibitory Nuerotransmitters
Cocaine
Dopamine Transporters
Alcohol
GABA Inhibitory Nuerotransmitters and Glutamate Nuerotransmitter
Methamphetamine
It interferes with the dopemine
Disorders/Diseases
Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord
Meningitis
Infection in the menings around the brain
Alzheimer's Diease
A form of demintia associated with age
Multiple Sclerosis
Autoimmune disease that damages the mylein sheath
Autism
Brain disorder makes it difficult to communicate
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
Occurs when blood flow to a portion of the brain is hailed