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06 Nervous (Deven Gasca p.2) - Coggle Diagram
06 Nervous (Deven Gasca p.2)
Reflex Arc
Function:neural pathway that controls a reflex
Defintion: the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action, including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between.
Term:a special type of neural circuit that begins with a sensory neuron at a receptor
Major function and parts of the brain
Midbrain
Definition :the topmost part of the brain stem, the connection central between the brain and the spinal cord
Function: vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation,
Forebrain
Function: receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function
Definition: the anterior part of the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus.
Hindbrain
Function:controls the body's vital functions such as respiration and heart rate
Definition: the lower part of the brainstem, comprising the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.
Cranial nerves
Function: send electrical signals between your brain, face, neck and torso
Definition: each of twelve pairs of nerves that arise directly from the brain, not from the spinal cord, and pass through separate apertures in the skull.
Term: One of twelve pairs of nerves that pass from the brain, through openings in the skull, to different areas of the head, neck, chest, and abdomen
Major division and subdivision
PNS
Definition: nerves and ganglia
Function: feeds information into your brain from most of your senses
CNS
Definition: The brain and spinal cord
Function: awareness, movement, thinking, speech, and the 5 senses of seeing, hearing, feeling, tasting and smelling
Drugs of abuse
Heroin
Function: Shuts off dopamine
Marijuana
Function: Mimics anadamide and blinds the cannabinoids receptors
Ecstasy
Function: Mimics serotonin
Cocaine
Function: Blocks transporters and over stimulate the cells
Alcohol
Function: produces happiness and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system function
Methamphetamine
Function: Mimics dopamine and forces dopamine molecules out
LSD
Function: acts on your brain and changes your mood, behavior, and the way you relate to the world around you
Neurotransmitter
Definition: a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse
Term: chemical messengers that your body can't function without
Function: carry chemical signals from one neuron to the next target cell
Classification of neurons
Interneurons
Definition: neurons that connect two brain regions, i.e. not direct motor neurons or sensory neurons.
Function: dynamic control of projection neurons ensembles in brain structures, including the cortex and striatum.
Motor
Defintion: those that travel from spinal cord to muscle are called lower motor neurons, whereas those that travel between the brain and spinal cord are called upper motor neurons.
Function :Lower motor neurons carry signals from the spinal cord to the smooth muscles and skeletal muscles. Upper motor neurons carry signals between your brain and spinal cord.
Sensory
Defintion: are unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar shaped cells that conduct action potentials toward or into the central nervous system.
Function: deliver electrical signals from the outer parts of the body the glands, muscles, and skin into the CNS
Disorders/Diseases
Spinal Cord Injury
Term: tetraplegia
Definition: damage to the tight bundle of cells and nerves that sends and receives signals from the brain to and from the rest of the body.
Meningitis
Definition: inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, leading to convulsions, delirium, and death.
Term:an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord
Multiple Sclerosis
Term: a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system
Definition: a chronic, typically progressive disease involving damage to the sheaths of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, whose symptoms may include numbness, impairment of speech and of muscular coordination, blurred vision, and severe fatigue.
Alzheimer's Disease
Term: dementia
Definition: progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.
Autism
Definition: a neurodevelopmental condition of variable severity with lifelong effects that can be recognized from early childhood, chiefly characterized by difficulties with social interaction and communication and by restricted or repetitive patterns of thought and behavior.
Term:Autism spectrum disorder
Stroke
Term: brain attack
Definition: occurs when something blocks blood supply to part of the brain or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts
Spinal nerves
Function: send electrical signals between your brain, spinal cord and the rest of your body
Definition: mixed nerves that interact directly with the spinal cord to modulate motor and sensory information from the body's periphery
Term: any one of many paired peripheral nerves that arise from the spinal cord
Major function and parts of the spinal cord
Thoracic
Definition: the twelve vertebral segments that make up the thoracic spine.
Function: To support the back
Lumbar
Definition: consists of the five bones (vertebra) in your lower back
Function: provide stability for your back and spinal column and allow for a point of attachment for many muscles and ligaments
Cervical
Definition: the seven cylindrical bones, or vertebral bodies, that provide support and structure for the cervical spine.
Function: supporting and cushioning loads to the head/neck while allowing for rotation, and protecting the spinal cord extending from the brain.
Compare and contrast nerves system
Nervous system
Nervous System Endocrine System
Electrical impulses are the messengers in the nervous system
Tissue
Defintion:A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Term:A group or layer of cells that work together to perform a specific function
Function: supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body
Connective tissue covering
Function: supports, protects, and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.
Definition: furnish support and protection for the delicate cells and allow them to withstand the forces of contraction
Action potential and nerve impulse
Action Potential:
Definition :a rapid sequence of changes in the voltage across a membrane.
Function: providing for—or with regard to saltatory conduction, assisting—the propagation of signals along the neuron's axon toward synaptic boutons situated at the ends of an axon
Nerve Impulse
Definition :a signal transmitted along a nerve fiber. It consists of a wave of electrical depolarization that reverses the potential difference across the nerve cell membranes.
Function:convey, to the spinal cord and brain, information about the body and about the outside world
Major function
Function: Transmit signals between the brain and the rest of the body
Definition: The network of nerve cells and fibers which transmit nerve impulse between part of the body