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Hailey Siaba P.2 : Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Hailey Siaba P.2 : Nervous System
Major Functions
Allows cells to communicate by electrical & chemical signal
Detects internal and external enviornmental changes
Conduction of information
Integration of information
Responses to stimuli
Special sense: hearing, vision, smell, and taste with specialized receptor organs
Major Divisions & Subdivisions
2 Main Parts - Divisions
Central nervous system, brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system, nerves to branch off from spinal cord
extends to all parts of body
Subdivisions
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Tissues
Nervous Tissue
Neroglia
Astrocytes
Microglial Cells
Ependymal Cells
Oligodendrocytes
Satellite Cells
Schwann Cells
Nuerons
Classification of Nuerons
Nuerons classify into 3 broad types
Sensory
Motor
internuerons
Connective Tissue Coverings
Connective sheath coverings, cover fasciculus
Known as perimysium
innermost sheath surrounding indivdual muscle fiber - endomysium
Major Parts & Functions of The Brain
Brain has 3 main parts
Cerebrum; fills up most of skull, involved in memory, problem solving, thinking/feeling.
Cerebellum; sits at the back of the head, just under cerebrum. controls coordination/ balance
Brain stem; sits under cerebrum, just in front of cerebellum
Brain controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger
any and every regulatory bodily process
Major Parts & Functions of The Spinal Cord
Spinal cord contains ;
Cervical; neck
Thoracic; chest
Lumbar; lower back
Major Functions;
Motor functions: voulantary muscle movement
Sensory functions: monitors sensations of touch, pain, temperature and pressure
Autonomic functions: regulates digestion, urination, heart rate, body temp, and blood pressure
Action Potential & Nerve Impulse
Cranial Nerves
Set of 12 paired nervess in the back of brain
Olfactory - I : Sense of smell
Optic - II : Sense of sight
Occulomotor - III : Motor, enervation of upper eyelid and pupillary muscle.
Trochlear - IV : Controls an extraocular muscle
Trigeminal - V : Sensory enervation of face & motor muscles of mastication
Abducent - VI : Muscle that moves the eyeball
Facial - VII :Enervates the muscles of the face
Vestibulocochlear - VIII : Sense of hearing and balance in the body
Glossopharyngeal - IX : Enervates muscles involved in swallowing and taste
Vagus - X : Enervates the gut, heart and larynx
Accessory - XI: Enervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal - XII : Enervates the tounge muscle
Spinal Nerves
Mixed, interact directly with spinal cord; modulate motor/sensory info
A change in electrical potential, associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of either nerve or muscle cell
Signal transmitted along a nerve fiber.
Consists of a wave of electrical depolarization; reverses potential across nerve cell membranes
Nuerotransmitters
Norrepinephrine
Dopamine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Glutamate
Histamine
Compare/Contrast Autonomic & Somatic Nervous System
Somatic nervous system; sensory and motor pathways
Autonomic nervous system; only has motor pathways
Disorders/Diseases
Drugs of Abuse
Methanphetamine
Cocaine
Marijuna
Alcohol
LSD
Ecstasy
Heroin
Alzheimer's Disease; affects memory, behavior and brain function
Bell's palsy; sudden facial paralysis on one side
Cerbral Palsy; affects nervous system, movement, muscle control, and coordination
Epilepsy; long-term condition, causes seizures
Motor nueron disease; causes weakened muscles leading to paralysis
Multiple sclerosis; affects CNS, affects sensory functions
Nuerofibromatosis; manageable genetic condition, benign tumors
Parkinson's Disease; results in damage to nerve celss in brain, impacts muscle control/ movement
Sciatica; pain in back and legs
Shingles; painful rash caused by chickenpox virus
Reflex Arc
Specific type of nueral circuit
Begins with sensory nueron at receptor
Ends w/ motor nueron @ effector