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06 Nervous- Giselle Zepeda p.2 - Coggle Diagram
06 Nervous- Giselle Zepeda p.2
Major divisions and Subdivisions of the nervous system
Brain Stem: consists of 3 regions: Midbrain, Pons & medulla oblongata
Midbrain: Located between diencephalon and pons
Substantia Nigra: Linked to basal nuclei
Inferior Colliculi: Auditory relay centers
Superior Colliculi: Visual reflex centers
Corpora Quadrigemina: Paired dorsal protrusion
Cerebral Aqueduct: Channel that connects 3rd & 4th ventricle
Cerebral Peduncles: Form pillars that hold up cerebellum
Epithalamus: Forms roof of 3rd ventricle, contains pineal gland
Hypothalamus: Located below thalamus, forms cap over brainstem & walls of 3rd ventircle
Pons: Located between Midbrain & medulla, 4th ventricle separates pons from cerebellum.
Thalamus: Acts as a relay station for info coming into cortex, mediates sensation, motor activities learning & memory
Diencephalon: Consists of 3 gray matter structures: Thalamus, hypothalamus & epithalamus
Medulla Oblongata: Right before Spinal Cord, contains 4th ventricle
Drugs of abuse
Marijuana: Interferes w dopamine & makes you feel relaxed and calm
Methamphetamine: Interferes w dopamine. Makes you feel intense pleasure & exhilaration
Ecstasy: Interferes with Dopamine & Seratonin. Makes you feel sleepy/happy
Alcohol: Interferes w glutamate.Is a depressant
Cocaine: Interferes w dopamine. Makes you fidgety/shakey
Heroine: Interferes w dopamine. Makes you feel sedated
LSD: Interferes with the Locus Coeruleus. Makes you feel happiness and very awake
Action Potential and Nerve impulse: an electrical charge that travels along the membrane of a neuron.
Cranial Nerves
Trigeminal: sensation of forehead, mouth, and tongue
Abducens: Motor to lateral rectus eye muscle
Trochlear: deals w the eye muscles
Facial: allows facial expressions
Oculomotor: 4 of the 6 muscles that move the eye
Vestibulocochlear: Sensory-balance & hearing
Optic: vision
Glossopharyngeal: Motor to swallowing muscles of the throat and Sensory
Vagus: involved in swallowing and speech and Sensory & sensory from throat, thoracic and abdominal organs
Olfactory: sense of smell
Accessory: Somatic motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Hypoglossal: Somatic Motor to tongue and throat muscles
Classification of Neurons
Interneuron: they connect spinal motor and sensory neurons.
Sensory: fires and sends off signals to the rest of the nervous system about the information they have received
Motor: allows for both voluntary and involuntary movements through the innervation of effector muscles and glands
Major parts and functions of the brain
Cerebrum: interprets sight, touch, sound, emotion, reasoning & learning
Cerebellum: maintains our balance, posture, coordination,& fine motor skills
Brainstem: Regulates automatic body functions
controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of the arms and legs
Neurotransmitters
job is to carry chemical signals from one neuron to the next target cell.
Reflex Arc
3.Integration Center
2.Sensory Neuron
4.Motor Neuron
5.Effector
1.Receptor
Autonomic Nervous System:
Parasympathetic division: keeps body relaxed. "Rest and digest"
Sympathetic division: Keeps body super tense/energized. "Fight or Flight"
Controls heart, lung, stomach, blood vessels, and intestines.
Tissues
Neuron: Help transmit nerve impulse. Structure: dendrites, cell body, cell axon
Neuroglia: Supporting cells that provide developmental, physiological, and metabolic support for neurons.
Spinal Nerves
Connects the brain with nerves in the body
Attach to spinal cord by 31 paired roots
Ventral(anterior): Median fissure
Dorsal(Posterior): Median Sulcus
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
Thoracic: chest
Lumbar: Lower back
Cervical: neck
Major functions are to: control body movements and functions, report senses to your brain, and manage your reflexes
Major Functions of the unit system: The neurons are the units that allow us to receive information, process it, and produce actions
Connective tissue coverings
Arachnoid Mater: Middle covering. Looks like a spider web
Pia Mater: Last covering that protects the brain
Dura Mater: Top covering, hardest to get off have to use scissors.
Disorders/diseases
Spinal Cord Injury: Damage to the spinal cord
Alzheimer's Disease: A form of dementia associated w age
Autism: A form of brain disorder that makes it hard to communicate
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke): Occurs when blood flow to a position of the brain is stopped.
Meningitis: Infection in the meninges
Multiple Sclerosis:Autoimmune disease that damages the myelin sheath