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nervous system -Jocelyn Gomez period 1, Anatomy - Coggle Diagram

- - - - "little brain", contains two hemispheres
      - outer portion contains neurons, and the inner area communicates with the cerebral cortex
      - functions are to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and maintain posture, balance and equilibrium
    - - front of the brain, comprises gray matter and white matter
      - largest part of the brain
      - initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature
      - other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgement, thinking and reasoning, problem solving, emotions and learning
    - - midbrain, complex structure with a range of different neuron clusters (nuclei and colliculi)
        
        -transmitting information necessary for vision and hearing
      - pons, enable a range of activates such as tear production, chewing, blinking, focus vision, balance, hearing and facial expression
        
        -pons is connection between the midbrain and the medulla
      - medulla, where the brain meets the spinal cord
        
        -regulate many bodily activates, including heart rhythm, breathing, blood flow, and oxygen and carbon dioxide levels
        -produces reflexive activates such as sneezing, vomiting, coughing and swallowing
- - - - excitatory / stimulating effect of the neurons
      - If a neurotransmitter is excitatory, it will increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire action potential
      - If a neurotransmitter is excitatory, it will increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire action potential
    - - in contrast to excitatory neurotransmitters, inhibitory neurotransmitters have the opposite effect, inhibiting/hindering the neurons
      - If a neurotransmitter is inhibitory, it makes the likelihood of the neuron firing action potential will be decreased
      - Examples of these types of neurotransmitter are GABA and endorphins
    - - If a neurotransmitter is a neuromodulate, this means it can affect a large number of neurons at the same time, as well as being able to influence the effects of other neurotransmitters
      - Neuromodulators do not directly activate the receptors of neurons but work together with neurotransmitters to enhance the excitatory or inhibitory responses of the receptors
      - Examples of these types of neurotransmitter are serotonin and dopamine.