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Sustainable and Durable Reinforced Concrete Materials: Implementation…
Sustainable and Durable Reinforced Concrete Materials: Implementation Challenges and Future Development
Introduction
- Concrete usage outpaces other materials.
- Worldwide demand for concrete is ever-growing as compared to steel and plastic.
- However, concrete is actually the most problematic material in terms of sustainability and its effects on the environment.
- Concrete is the second most consumed material in the world, because the material is:
--- available
--- economical
--- constructable
--- flexible
--- versatile
--- strong
--- durable
--- beautiful
Concrete
- Cement + water + fine aggregates + coarse aggregates + chemical additives = concrete
- Binder + water = cement paste
- Binder + water + fine aggregates = mortar
- Chemical additives in concrete mixes is a must now to achieve higher strength.
- Since concrete is weak in tension, reinforcements are introduced, thus producing reinforced concrete.
- When there are many pores in a mix, then there will be a reduction in strength.
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- Concrete is the future of sustainable construction, only if it:
--- can reduce carbon dioxide emission
--- is recyclable
--- has environmental and cost benefits
--- is energy efficient
--- has durability
--- can reduce storm water waste
- High strength pervious concrete as a sustainable material
--- suitable for countries with floods
--- however, the strength is low (15~20 MPa)
Implementation
Implementation can only be done if the stakeholders have a good awareness, sufficient knowledge, and apply the knowledge to overcome barriers.
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