Aplastic Anemia
Sign and Symptoms
Common Symptoms
Typical Symptoms
Fatigue
Dizziness or light headedness
Dyspnea
Exercise intolerance
Weakness
Palpitation
Headaches
Decreased concentration
Pallor
Bleeding and signs of infection
Prognosis
Survival in aplastic anemia depends largely on age, disease severity, and response to initial therapy. Those who recover following drug cessation or treatment of underlying condition have stable clinical courses, as well as those with self-limited processes.
Five-year survival is >75% for patients who undergo bone marrow transplant from a suitable donor. The majority of untreated patients die within one year from disease-related complications (ex. bleeding, infections, or transformation to lymphoproliferative disorders).
Prevention
You should avoid exposure to chemicals, such as pesticides, insecticides, organic solvents, and paint removers.
Get regular treatment and control at the doctor.
Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the toilet or doing outdoor activities.
Avoid sports that involve physical contact, to prevent bleeding.
Adequate rest time after activities and sleep at night.
Complete immunizations, especially for children, by first consulting a doctor.
Definition
Aplastic anemia is anemia accompanied by pancytopenia as result of failure of the bone marrow to produce blood components, breakdown blood components in the peripheral blood or as a result maldistribution of blood components.
Etiology
Primer
Fanconi’s anemia
Reticular dysgenesis
Dyskeratosis congenital
Nonhematologic syndromes(down syndrom, etc)
Shwachman-diamond syndrome
Secondary
Drugs, for example: (Chorampenicol, cimetidine, NSAIDS, antiepileptica, phenylbutazone)
Radiation: radioactive isotopes
Infection: Viral, bacterial and parasitic infections.
Education
Maintain cleanliness, for example by diligently washing hands
Avoiding crowds that have an effect on the lack of oxygen in the blood
Taking drugs according to the rules of use
Consuming vitamins with iron content
Consuming nutritionally balanced foods
Avoiding sports and activities that are prone to injury
Avoiding stress
Get enough rest
Differential Diagnose
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes (IBMFSS)
Classification
Hypochromic Microcytic
Normochromic Normocytic
Macrocytic
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Sideroblastic Anemia
Thalassemia
Aplastic Anemia
Hemolitic Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
How To Diagnose
Anamnesis
Physical Examination
Phatophysiology
Complication
Hemokromatosis
Leukimia
Lymphoma
Syndrome Melodysplasia
Treatment
Pharmacology
Causal therapy
Therapy to improve bone marrow function
Definitive therapy
Bone marrow transplant.
Immunosuppressive Therapy
Anabolic Steroids
Low to medium dose corticosteroids
GM-CSF or G-CSF
Non-Pharmacology
Supportive therapy
Oral hygiene
PRC (packet red cell) transfusion
Platelet concentrate transfusion
Supporting Examination
Full blood
Peripheral blood smear
Bone marrow examination
Examination of Flow cytometry and FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)
Liver and Virus Function Tests
Radiologist Examination
Risk Factor
Age
Have cancer
Have abnormalities immune system
Do traps radiation and cometherapy
Mind Mapping
Nabila
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