Aplastic Anemia

Sign and Symptoms

Common Symptoms

Typical Symptoms

Fatigue

Dizziness or light headedness

Dyspnea

Exercise intolerance

Weakness

Palpitation

Headaches

Decreased concentration

Pallor

Bleeding and signs of infection

Prognosis

Survival in aplastic anemia depends largely on age, disease severity, and response to initial therapy. Those who recover following drug cessation or treatment of underlying condition have stable clinical courses, as well as those with self-limited processes.

Five-year survival is >75% for patients who undergo bone marrow transplant from a suitable donor. The majority of untreated patients die within one year from disease-related complications (ex. bleeding, infections, or transformation to lymphoproliferative disorders).

Prevention

You should avoid exposure to chemicals, such as pesticides, insecticides, organic solvents, and paint removers.

Get regular treatment and control at the doctor.

Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the toilet or doing outdoor activities.

Avoid sports that involve physical contact, to prevent bleeding.

Adequate rest time after activities and sleep at night.


Complete immunizations, especially for children, by first consulting a doctor.

Definition

Aplastic anemia is anemia accompanied by pancytopenia as result of failure of the bone marrow to produce blood components, breakdown blood components in the peripheral blood or as a result maldistribution of blood components.

Etiology

Primer

Fanconi’s anemia

Reticular dysgenesis

Dyskeratosis congenital

Nonhematologic syndromes(down syndrom, etc)
Shwachman-diamond syndrome

Secondary

Drugs, for example: (Chorampenicol, cimetidine, NSAIDS, antiepileptica, phenylbutazone)

Radiation: radioactive isotopes

Infection: Viral, bacterial and parasitic infections.

Education

Maintain cleanliness, for example by diligently washing hands

Avoiding crowds that have an effect on the lack of oxygen in the blood

Taking drugs according to the rules of use

Consuming vitamins with iron content

Consuming nutritionally balanced foods

Avoiding sports and activities that are prone to injury

Avoiding stress

Get enough rest

Differential Diagnose

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

DD pic

Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes (IBMFSS)

Classification

Hypochromic Microcytic

Normochromic Normocytic

Macrocytic

Iron deficiency anemia

Anemia of Chronic Disease

Sideroblastic Anemia

Thalassemia

Aplastic Anemia

Hemolitic Anemia

Megaloblastic Anemia

How To Diagnose

Anamnesis

Picture2 anm

Physical Examination

Picture3 pemfs

Picture1pmfs 2

Phatophysiology

Picture1 pato AA

Pato a 2

Complication

Hemokromatosis

Leukimia

Lymphoma

Syndrome Melodysplasia

Treatment

Pharmacology

Causal therapy

Therapy to improve bone marrow function

Definitive therapy

Bone marrow transplant.

Immunosuppressive Therapy

Anabolic Steroids

Low to medium dose corticosteroids

GM-CSF or G-CSF

Non-Pharmacology

Supportive therapy

Oral hygiene

PRC (packet red cell) transfusion

Platelet concentrate transfusion

Supporting Examination

Full blood

Peripheral blood smear

Bone marrow examination


Examination of Flow cytometry and FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)

Liver and Virus Function Tests

Radiologist Examination

Risk Factor

Age

Have cancer

Have abnormalities immune system

Do traps radiation and cometherapy

Mind Mapping

Nabila

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