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LECTURE 14: NON FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS - Coggle Diagram
LECTURE 14: NON FERROUS METALS AND ALLOYS
ALUMINIUM + ALLOYS
Less dense than steel , ductile , high cond. , corrosion resistant , low melting temp.
Light and strong so used for aircraft parts often
Different alloy types are cast alloy, wrought alloy (amenable to deformation), non heat treatable (often single phase) and heat treatable (often age hardened)
For non heat treatable solid solution strengthening is used
IADS most common designation system for Al alloys
Example: strengthened by heating then quenching and then left to age (natural ageing) to form smaller second phase particles to prevent dislocation slips
COPPER + ALLOYS
Good electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, very ductile so ideal for forming into wires and pipes as easy to manufacture
Often alloyed with zinc to create brass that can be cold worked to improve strength (increased zinc leads to increased strength as you have the alpha beta phase)
Copper with tin forms bronze, increasing strength due to molecule size difference, often used form bearing and coins
Coins formed by cold rolling (increasing strength through work hardening) so coins are annealed after to soften them and undo the effects of cold rolling then they are stamped
TITANIUM ALLOYS
High corrosion resistance, high strength to weight and high melting point and it is biocompatible for implants and hip joints
Can be expensive to refine and melt / cast
OTHER ALLOYS
Magnesium alloys (Al, Zn, Mn) lightweight and low density applications can include laptops, car parts, handheld power tools but can be dangerous due to high reactivity
Superalloys (often nickel) designed at high strength high temperature applications, to achieve this other elements added to create second phase particles that prevent dislocation slip also with good corrosion resistance and readily formed with copper
Refractory metals niobium, molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum with strong metallic bonding so high melting point, high YM and high hardness at high temps. Often used for light filaments, welding electrodes