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electoral system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - n=0 --> HARE
      - n=1 --> HAGENBACH-BISHOFF
      - n=2 --> IMPERIALI QUOTA
      - n=3 REINFORCED IMPERIALI Q
      - (n=1) + 1 --> DROOP
    - - MODIFIED SAINTE-LEEAGUE--> 1.4,3,5,7,9...
      - SAINTE-LAGUE--> 1,3,5,7,9...
      - D'HONDT--> divide the total amount of votes won by each party by 1,2,3,4,5,6,,,,
- - - - individuals cast a single vote for a candidate in a single member district, the one which most votes wins. advantages; simplicity, inexpensive,responsibility of the candidate (incentives to perform well). disadvantages;low representativeness at a district and parliamentary level, strategic voting-->permanent minorities
    - - same as SMDP but multimember district, the candidates which most votes win (1 + 1/n+1). district magnitude can vary. advantages; higher representativeness as district magnitude increases, minority group more represented,disadvantages; works without fully fledged parties--> intraparty fighting and fragmentation, clientelistic behaviour and patronage,favors well-organized parties/already in power, extremism
  - - - (optional preference) candidate-centered preference system used in a single-member district where voters rank order the candidates. one that receives the absolute majority wins, if there isn't the candidate with fewest votes is eliminated and his votes reallocated based on second preferences, the process is repeated until one obtains the abs. majority. advantages; less strategic voting, bonds with citizens,less extreme, higher legitimacy if win at 1 race. disadvantages; complex, not genuine majority --(SUPPLEMENTARY VOTE, all candidates but the first two are eliminated and their
        second preferences assigned to the remaining two candidates - Sri Lanka)
    - - like AV but after the 1 round, the top 2 vote winners go on to compete in a runoff in 2 round 1 or 2 weeks later (presidential) 2002 pres. election in France. adv; more freedom, less strategic voting,higher legitimacy. dis; costly, lower voter turnout,low repres,permanent minorities