diseases
pertusis
Diaphteria
primarily affect the upper respiratory tract
symptoms
swollen neck glands
pseudomembrane
sore throat
skin infections(cutaneous diaphteria)
1-5 years
info
gram positive and club shaped bacteria, non motile and non encapuslated ,arobic
it have metachromatic granules that stored inorganic phosphate for ATP synthesis
culture by tellurite blood agar
gravis
intermedius
mitis
large grey colonies
black colonies with grey periphery
small, dull gray to black colonies
virulence factors
basically the top gene is from the bacteriophage once it insert the viral chromosome into the bacterial chromosome
A-B toxins
ADP ribose transfer
membrane insertion
receptor binding
how does iron regulate the synthesis of the diaphteria toxin
when there is a high amount of iron it will bind to the diphtheria toxin repressor and bind to the tox gene and act as a transcriptional repressor, and inhibit the synthesis of diphtheria toxin
pathogensis
mechanism
treatment
where
direct infection
contaminated objects
droplet infection
uptake of the toxin by the receptor mediated endocytosis
formation of the endocytic vescicle
the toxin B domain will bind to the specific receptor
acidification in the vesicle will lead to the conformational change of the toxin and A subunit will be cleaved and reach cytosol and will be active toxin
protein synthesis is stoped
ADP ribose transfer will take the ADP ribose from NAD and give to elongation factor 2 that will inhibit the transaction and will lead to the cell death
systemic effects
myocarditis
demyelinating neuritis
anit-toxins
passive immunization
give when you suspect the disease and do not wait for the diagnosis results
antibiotics
to kill the bacteria to prevent it from toxin production
antibiotics who are on contact in with people who have disease or carriers
bordatella pertussis
culture
complications
virulent factors
pertussis stages
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uncontrollable cough and paroxysms
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can affect under 10 years primirly
stage 2
stage 3
stage 1
catarrhal
paroxysmal
convalescent
highly contagious
violent cough with whoop
6 or 10 weeks
recovery
1-2 weeks
2-3 weeks
apnea
seizures
pnemonia
brain damage
gram negative small ovoid bacilli
non motile and non sporing form and obligate aerobic
metachromatic granules can be seen if there is toludine blue stainin
it lives in the cilia of the respiratory tract
Regan Lowe
bordet gengou
charcoal blood agar
small and glistening white/grey colonies
mercury drops
bisected pearl
adhesion factors
toxic factors
pertactin
fimbriae aggulitogens
filamentous hemaglutinin (FHA)
lipooligosaccaride
surface protein
it will adhere to the ciliated respiratory cells and colonize
pertussis toxin
tracheal cytotoxin
adenylate cyclase toxin
dermonecrotic toxin
heat labile toxin
AC domain
pore forming domain
the toxin will enter to the cell by pore forming domain and then bind to the calmodulin in the cell and toxin will be activated and the cAMP generation will increase
secretion signal
cAMP important for sugar and lipid metabolism and growth and differentiation
it is composed of AB5
ADP ribosyltransferase activity
binding to the receptor and entering the cell
mechanism of action
the G inhibitory can inhibit the activation of AC and decreases cAMP
the pertussis toxin will bind to the Gi and cause the inhibition of the Gi and it will lead to the accumulation of the cAMP
colonizing factor
an bind to the cilia and cause ciliary stasis
peptidoglycan like molecule
it will attach to the cilia of the respiratory cells
ciliostasis
pathogensis
secrete toxins that will affect first the cilia by the pertussis toxin and tracheal cytotoxin
AC toxin
adhere to the ciliated epithelial cells
pertussis toxin wil be secreted
trasmittion via cough
accumulation of mucuos
will lead to the acummaltion of cAMP levels and cause anti-inflammatory and anti-phagocytosis and damp the immune system
affect myeloid cells
lead to absence of fever
bind to the cell
endocytosis
endosome
cause the secretion of the cytosolic toxin domain
pertussis toxin
will lead to delay the inflammation
by inhibiting the chemokine synthesis
pertussis toxin
lymphocytosis
histamine release
respiratory tissues are hypersensitive to the histamine
leakage of BV contents
and inflammation of tissues and swollen airways
pertussis toxin will access growth factor that is sensed by lymphocytes and they will divide about 2-3 times higher than normal
treatment
erythromycin
azithromycin
clarithomycin
vaccination
DTP
DTaP
from 6 weeks to 6 years
5 doeses
TDap
10 -64 years
one dose