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Nervous System, Cranial Nerves - Coggle Diagram
Nervous System
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Disorders/Diseases
Alzheirmer's Disease
A form of dementia associated with age. It is usally provoked by being hereditary, due to family history and in people over 60 years old.
Spinal Cord Injury
Damage to the spinal cord. Happens most of the time via direct injury, asssault, fall, accidents, and most seen in men between the ages of 15 to 35 to 35 years old. Treatment is often surgery, bed rest, and spinal traction.
Autism
Brain disorder that makes it difficult to communicate. Risk factors are family history, hereditary, and occurs in mostly males. Some common treatment options are medication, coping skills, and anxiety management.
Meningities
Infection in the meninges surrounding the brain. Provoked due to tumors, chemical irritations, and fungi or parasites. Some treatment options are bacterial hospitalizatipn, vaccination, and medication.
Stroke
Occurs when blood flow to a portion of the brai is halted. Common causes are blood vessels bursts, high cholesterol, and unhealthy lifeestyle choices. Treatment consits of hospitalization, blood clot, surgery to open clogged vessel.
Multiple Sclerosis
Autoimmune disease that damages the Myelin sheath. Often hereditary. There is no actual cure to the disease but medic often recur to steroid treatments and physical therapy.
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Reflex Arc
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Sensory Neurons send electrical impulses to a relay neuron that is in the spinal cord attached to the Central Nervous System
sensor, sensory neuron, control center, motor neuron, and muscle.
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Cranial Nerves
Trochlear Nerves are fibers from Dorsal Midbrain enter orbits via superior orbital fissures to innervate superior oblique muscle.Its the primarily motor nerve that directs the eyeball.
Trigeminal Nerves are the largest cranial nerves. They are fibers that extend from Pons to face and there are 3 divisions : Ophthalmic (Passes through superior orbital fissure).
Maxillary (Passes through the foramen rotondum)
Mandibular (Passes through the foramen ovale)
Oculomotor Nerves is where fibers extend from ventral midbrain through superior orbital fissures to 4.6 extrinsic eyemuscles. They function to rise the eyelid, direct the eyeball, and control lens shape.
Abducens Nerves are fibers from inferior Pons enter orbits via superior orbital fissures. Primarily a motor innervating lateral rectus muscle.
Optic Nerves arise from retinas, really a brain tract. Pass through optic canals, converge, and partially cross over at Optic Chiasma. Optics tracts continue to Thalamus, where they synapse. Optic radiation fibers run to occipital (visual) cortex.
Facial Nerves are fibers from the Pons that travel through internal acoustic meatuses stylomastoid foramina to lateral aspect of face.
Vestibucochlear Nerves are afferent fibers from hearing receptors and equilibrium receptors that pass from inner ear through internal acoustic meatuses and enter brain stem at pons-medulla border.
Olfactory Nerves are sensory nerves of smell. Fibers Synapse in Olfactory Bulbs. It's the pathway sensory function.
Glossopharyngeal Nerves are fibers from the Medulla that leave the skull via jugu;ar foramen and run to throat. Motor functions innervate part of the tongue and pharynx for swallowing and provide parasymphatetic fibers to paratoid salivary glands.
Vagus Nerves are the only cranial nerves that extend beyond head and neck region. The fibers from Medulla exit skull via jugular foramen. Most motor fibers are parasympathetic fibers that help regulate activities of heart,lungs and abdominal area.
Accesory Nerves are formed from ventral roolets from C1 to C5 of Spinal Cord. Rootlets pass into cranium via each foramen magnum.
Hypoglossal Nerves are fibers from Mexulla that exit via hypoglossal canal. They innervate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue that contribute to swallowing and speech.
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