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THE PHRASE is a group of words not containing a verb and its subject. A…
THE PHRASE
is a group of words not containing a verb and its subject. A phrase is used as a single part of speech
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
is a group of words beginning with a preposition and usually ending with a noun or pronoun.
The noun or pronoun that concludes the prepositional phrase is the
OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
that begins the phrase.
on the
steps
from
Hazel and me
Occasionally,
A PREPOSIONAL PHRASE IS USED AS NOUN
After dinner
will be too late. [The prepositional phrase is the subject of the sentence; it is used as a noun.]
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES USUALLY USED AS MODIFIER
—as adjectives or adverbs.
for
Peg and you
in
the classroom
after
the exam
to
bed
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
is a prepositional phrase
that modifies a noun or a pronoun.
Tourists
from the East
visit the old frontier towns
in the West
[
from the East
modifies the noun
Tourists
in the West
modifies the noun
towns
]
Tucson has been the locale
of many Westerns.
[
of many Westerns
modifies the noun
locale
]
Many
of the tourists
like historical places.
[
of the tourists
modifies
many
]
ADVERB PHRASE
is a prepositional phrase
that modifies a verb,
an adjective, or another adverb.
He practices in his studio, [
WHERE
he practices]
He practices for weeks, [
TO WHAT EXTENT
he practices]
He practices before a concert tour, [
WHEN
he practices]
ADVERB PHRASE MODIFIES AD ADJECTIVE
He was
true
to his word.
He practices with diligence, [
HOW
he practices]
ADVERB PHRASE MODIFYING AND ADVERB
He threw the ball
far
to the left.
He practices for his own good, [
WHY
he practices]
PHRASES CONTAINING VERBALS
called verbal phrases because
the most important word in them
is a verbal.
PARTICIPIAL
is a verb form but changed into adjective form
with modifying a noun/pronoun
PARTICIPIAL PHRASE
phrase containing a participle
and any complements or modifiers
it may have.
Removing his coat,
Jack rushed to the river bank.
[made from participle
removing
and complement
coat
, which is a d.o of
removing.
A PARTICIPLE
is a verb form that is used as an adj.
PRESENT PARTICIPLES
ends in -ing
He heard his sons
arguing
PAST PASTICIPLES
may end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n:
asked, saved, dealT, eaten, seen.
The boys,
angered
, began to fight.
PARTICIPLE AS AN ADJECTIVE
The rapidly
developing
storm
kept small boats in port.
The participle usually introduces the phrase, and the entire phrase acts as an adjective to modify a noun or pro- noun.
Sid
,
watching the Late Show
, fell asleep.
Getting up at five,
we
got an early start.
Destroyed by tire,
the church
was never rebuilt.
Hesitating there for a moment,
he quickly grasped the situation.
[made from participle
hesitating
plus its modifiers--adverb
there
and adv. phrase
for a moment]
GERUND
is a verb form ending in —ing
that is used as a noun.
GERUND AS VERBAL NOUN
[GERUND AS SUBJECT]
Good
writing
comes from much practice,
[GERUND AS OBJECT OF VERB]
They do not apppeciate my
singing
,
[GERUND AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION]
By
studying
, you can pass the course,
GERUND PHRASE
is a phrase consisting of a gerund
and any complements or modifiers it may have.
GERUND PHRASE MAY BE USED IN ANY PLACE THAT A NOUN WOULD FIT
[GERUND PHRASE AS SUBJECT]
Telling your father
was a mistake,
[GERUND PHRASE AS D.O OR I.O]
The college advises
sending applications early,
[GERUND PHRASE AS OBJECT OF PREPOSITION]
He won the game by
kicking a field goal,
[GERUND PHRASE AS PREDICATE NOMINATIVE]
Her most important achievement was
winning the national championship,
INFINITIVE PHRASE
consists of an infinitive and
any complements or modifiers
it may have.
INFINITIVE
is a verb form, usually preceded by
to
,
that is used as a noun or a modifier.
INFINITIVE AS ADJECTIVE
He lacked the strength
to resist,
[infinitive modifies
strength
]
INFINITIVE AS ADVERB
We study
to learn,
[infinitive modifies the verb
study
]
INFINITIVE AS NOUN
[INFINITIVE AS SUBJECT]
To wait
for the bus is tiresome,
[INFINITIVE AS OBJECT OF THE VERB
]
Everyone wanted
to go.
[INFINITIVE AS PREDICATE NORMATIVE]
His ambition is
to fly.
We intend
to leave early.
[Early is an adverb
modifying the infinitive
to leave
.]
I have a paper
to write before class.
[
Before class
modifies
to write.
]
No one wants
to help us.
[
Us
is the object of
to help
.]
I.P AS NOUN OR MODIFIERS
I.P. AS OBJECT*
We tried
to reason with him**
I.P AS SUBJECT
To save money
became his obsession
I.P. AS PREDICATE NORMATIVE
His plan is
to go to college for two years.
I.P. MODIFIES ADJECTIVE
I am too
busy
to go to the movies tonight.
I.P. MODIFIES NOUN
There must be a
way
to solve this problem.
:warning:
NOTE:
not like verbs: verbals are not used as verbs in a sentence. They are used as other parts of speech —as nouns, as adjectives, or as adverbs.
THE APPOSITIVE
is a noun or pronoun — often with modifiers—set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it.
Your friend
Bill
is in trouble.
The Daily News, a
tabloid
, has the largest circulation in the city.
APPOSITIVE PHRASE
is a phrase consisting of an appositive and its modifiers.
My brother's car,
a sporty red convertible with bucket seats,
is the envy of my friends.
An appositive phrase usually follows the word it explains or identifies, but it may precede it.
A beautiful
collie
, Skip was my favorite dog.