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Organic chem - Coggle Diagram

- - - - substituents will end with -yl
  - - - compound with 2 double bonds, suffix will be -diene, compound with 3 double bonds will be -triene, compound with 4 double bonds will be -tetraene
  - - - RCHO
  - - - substituent name: oxo-
        
        RCOR
  - - - primary,secondary,tertiary
        
        PRIMARY-Oh group attached to 1 C
        
        SECONDARY- OH group attached to 2 other Cs( or alkyl group)
        
        TERTIARY-OH group attached to 3 other Cs(or alkyl group)
      - substituent name: hydroxy
  - - - R-O-R
    - - OCH3 is methoxy
        
        OCH2CH3 is ethoxy
        
        O gives the -oxy
        
        CH3 gives the meth-
  - - - ends with 'oate'
        
        benzene with ester functional grouo is benzoate
      - Nomenclature: two part name (alcohol-acid)
  - - - benzene with extra carbon: benzyl
  - - - numbering and substituent come before parent hydrocarbon
- - - - alpha helix and beta sheet
    - - phospholipid bilayer
        
        hydrophilic head is arranged outwards, hydrophobic tail faces inwards
    - - micelle
        
        hydrophilic head(polar head) likes to interact with water, whereas hydrophilic tail(non-polar) prefers to stay away from water and interact with other hydrophobic molecules
        
        forms a spherical structure
- - - - arise when there is restricted rotation in a molecule(double bond lacks free rotation)
      - cis- and trans- isomers
        
        cis(same side of bond), trans(opposite faces of bond)
        
        very different properties, takes a lot of energy to convert from one form to another
        
        diff mp, bp, and chemical reactivity
    - - isomers can be interconverted due to free rotation in single bond
    - - arises from ability of compounds to rotate plane of polarized light
      - chiral molecules(name of many molecules that exist as optical isomers)
      - mirror image fit perfectly if placed tgt(non-superimposable mirror image)
        
        same sequence of atoms and bonds but diff in 3D shape
        
        enantiomer
      - optical activity measured with polarimeter
        
        plane polarized light passes through optical isomer
        
        optical activity is an effect of optical isomers interaction with plane polarised light
        
        optical isomer that rotates light to the right is a +ve isomer
        
        vice versa
- - - - weak electrostatic attraction where the hydrogen is bonded to a highly electronegative element(N,O,F)
- - - - nett dipole moment formed
    - - no nett dipole moment formed