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cell division - Coggle Diagram
cell division
meiosis
Meiotic division is cell division that occurs in reproductive cells. It is almost the same as mitosis division, but the striking difference is in the number of chromosomes resulting from its cell division. and the division of meiosis occurs in two stages, namely meiosis 1 and meiosis 2. Meiosis has the ultimate goal of producing four new cells and each cell has half the number of chromosomes of its stem cells.
meioisis 1
anaphase 1
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- homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the opposite poles
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prophase 1
pakiten
each chromosome multiplies into 2 chromatids, so that each of them forms 4 chromatids (tetrads) fused through one centromere
zygoten
centrosomes divide and each centriole to opposite poles, while homologous chromosomes are paired. This process is called synapses
diploten
homologous chromosomes separate themselves from their partners. When parting, there is a possibility of crossing over in the X-shaped attachment area called kiasma
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diakinesis
centrioles have arrived at their respective places, the formation of spindle threads/ spindle fibers, nucleus and nucleolus membranes vanished
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metaphase 1
Homologous chromosomes line up face to face in the equator plane and each chromosome attaches a spindle thread to its centromere
meiosis 2
metaphase
- Chromosomes lined up in the equator plane
spindle threads attached to the centromere
prophase
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- from the centrioles appear the spindle threads come out like the radiance of asters(stars)
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anaphase
- Core cleavage (karyokinesis) occurs
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Meiosis produces gametogenesis, Gametogenesis is a diploid and haploid process that undergoes cell division and differentiation to form adult haploid gametes. Gametogenesis includes spermatogenesis and oogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the formation of male sex cells (sperm cell nuclei). Oogenesis is the formation of female sex cells (egg nucleus / ovum)
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mitosis
Mitosis is a cell division that results in two daughter cells identical to stem cells. Mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells, that is, in somatic cells of a meristematic nature. This cell division is carried out to form new cells in place of damaged cells. In addition mitosis also serves to maintain the number of chromosomes. However, before entering those four stages, there is a preliminary (interphased) phase. Interphase is not included in the stages of cell division. At the stage of interphase of the cell nucleus performs the synthesis of core materials.
metaphase
Metaphase is the stage that requires the smallest energy and the shortest time At this stage, The two chromatids in one chromosome (often called the sibling chromatid) are still connected by one centromere and are located in the equatorial plane of the cell. The chromosome is in the middle of the equator plane.
anaphase
This stage is characterized by the centromeres beginning to separate and moving in opposite directions towards their respective poles. Then, the spindle thread moves these two separated chromosomes towards the opposite pole leaving the cleavage plane.
telophase
Telophase begins characterized by the arrival of a tillering chromosome at the spindle pole constituting the formation of a new nucleus membrane, a new nucleus child and the disappearance of the spindle occurs during this phase.
In this phase also occurs events Two new nuclei are formed, then in the center of the cell a new wall is formed.
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prophase
is the earliest stage as well as being the longest and most energy-intensive phase of cleavage. Prophase is characterized by the beginning of the disappearance of the cell nucleus membrane of chromatin threads beginning to thicken and shorten to form chromosomes.
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- Chromatin threads become chromosomes, then chromosomes multiply into two chromatids but are still attached in one centromere.
- The membranes of the nucleus and nucleolus perish.
- The centrosomes separate into two centrioles, and between them lay spindle threads.