The Plantations
Ireland in the 1500s
Old English
Anglo-Irish
Gaelic Irish
Fitzgeralds of Kildare
Fitzgeralds of Munster
The Pale
Brehon Laws
O'Neiills of Tyrone, O'Donnels of Donegal
Henry VIII + Tudors
Henry VIII
3 heirs - Edward VI, Mary I + Elizabeth I
He had 6 wives
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Protestant monarchy
Declared himself King of the Church
Closed Monasteries
Confiscated Church's land
Came to power - 1485
Tudors
Wanted to conquer Ireland
Surrender + Regrant
Succession
Planters
Early Plantations
Lois-Offaly Plantation
Queen Mary I (Catholic)
O'Mores + O'Connors
Edward VI
Queen's County (Laois) + Offaly (Offaly)
Sheriff
English-style houses were built
Plantation was failure
Land was still attacked
Didn't attract enough Planters
English laws + customs didn't flourish
Elizabeth I
Munster Plantation
Fitzgeralds of Desmond
Last tudor
Ruled 44yrs
Didn't marry/have any kids
Englishmen
2 rebellions
1st - James Fitzmaurice Fitzgerald (put down easily + he fled)
2nd - Fitzgerald returned (Had more soldiers but he was killed and his cousin took over. He lost)
Adventurers
Presidents
Undertakers
It failed as well
Gaelic Irish continued attacking plantations
They still had to rent to Gaelic Irish
New towns set up (Killarney)
New farming methods (Tillage)
New trades (coopening)
Plantation of Ulster
Hugh O'Neill
Ulster was dominate by Gaelic Irish clans (O'Neills)
King Philip of Spain
9 Year War
Originally sent no troops when asked to help
Changed his mind and sent ships which landed at Kinsale (captured by English)
Battle of Kinsale
Flight of the Earls
Queen Elizabeth died - 1603 (Her cousin James Stewart took over as King James I)
1609 - Ulster Plantation
6 counties were involved
Land divided into smaller estates
Estates were given to 3 types of planters - Servitors, Loyal Irish + Undertakers
London Craft Guilds (Derry)
Bogside
Most Successful Plantation
Gaelic Irish - Driven off land
Oliver Cromwell (Conquered Ireland
20 new towns founded
Effect on Irish Identity
Religion
Majority of people remained Catholic
Catholic land - taken over by Protestant settlers
Protestant Ascendancy
Political Conflict
Penal Laws
Culture
Gaelic chieftains lost power
Irish language declined + English became main language
English laws replaced Brehon Laws
Irish farming methods = replaced
More towns built which lead to a more urban society