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HARDWARE AND OPENING SYSTEMS - Coggle Diagram
HARDWARE AND OPENING SYSTEMS
COMPUTER LENGUAGE AND FUCTION
computers only use the numbers 1 and 0, the binary system. the smallest information that we can store on a computer is called a bit. eight bits together form a byte.
ASCII. we give a code to each of de leters of the alfabet, and to the characters computers use, so that we can store them. this codes consists on the figures 1 and 0.
COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
hardware
physical components of the computer system that we use and those we can touch and move.
software
refer to the the data and the instructions we use to manage the data.
inpout of data using peripheral devices
outpout of data using peripheral devices
storing data in the storage devices
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COMPUTER ELEMENTS
MEMORY AND UNITS OF STORAGE
RAM
when we run an application its instuctions and data are copied to this memory so that the microprocessor can use them.
CACHE MEMORY
RAN cannot work at the same speed as the microprocessor, so a much faster memory is instaled between the RAM and the microprocessor. the cache memory stores the data that the mimicroprocessor uses most often.
ROM BIOS
when you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system.this initial check is carried out using instructions stored in a special only read-memory. ROM BIOS
STORAGE DEVICES
the RAM stores data temporarily. when you turn off the computer, this data disappeares. we use data storage units.
MOTHERBOARD AND CONECTING DEVICES
inside the computer you'll find a large board we call the motherboard. all the other components of the computer are conected to it.
the motherboard includes:
slots that can be used to expand or add new components
the IDE, ATA and SATA conectors.
the chipest is a number of integrated circuits designed to perform related functions.
MICROPROCESSOR
an integrated made up from millions of tiny transistors working together to process the instructions and data recived from the memory
SOFTWARE AND OPENING SYSTEMS
operating system
is the first thing that appears when you turn on your computerand the last thing you see when you turn it off.
the operating system provides a working enviroment that makes it easy to access all the various applications, find information about different elements of the computer and to manage the files and folders
functions of the operating system
manages the microprocessor, manages the memory and storage systems, provides an interface or working enviroment, allows comunication between applications and peripheral devices.
aplications
word processors, spreadsheets, presentations, database management tools, drawing programs
programming languages
these programs can be used to create other programs and appplication
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEMS
installing and uninstallimg programs
we can install programs using and intallation wizard that guides us through the process.
hard disk maintenance
cleaning the hard disk. over time, your computer acumulates unnecessary programs and files. you can delete them with a tool
defragmenting the hard disk. the defragmenter puts the bolcks, where the hard disk stores the contents of a file, in order
detecting and reparing errors. it is important to check the hard disk occasionally
saving power
it is especially important to select the richt power options for laptops
system upddates
operating systems are constantly being updated
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEMS
installing and uninstallimg programs
linux uses two package managers to help users automatically instal applications downloaded from the internet
system updates
COMPUTER NETWORKS
a computer network is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information
we can devide computer networks depending on their size
local area networks or LANs
metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
ELEMENTS IN A NETWORK
each computer needs an adaptator or network card to send information to the others computers and recive information back
the hub distributes all the information it receives between the other computers in the network
this information travels down a transmission medium
WIRELESS NETWORKS
wireless networks known as WLANs use electromagnetic waves to transmit de data
SHARED INTERNET ACCESS
computers in a network can share a single internet conection
using Internet Conenction Sharing, where all comunication is through one computer
using a router, which and directs it to and from the internet
SHARING RESOURCES IN WINDOWS
sharing a printer
you can print documents from any computer in the network
sharing files and folders
we can let other other network users see our files, and access files on other computer
SHARING RESOURCES IN LINUX
sharing a computer
linux lets you share a computer with other users
sharing a printer
to share a printer installed onm another computer in the network, you need to install it as a network printer on your own computer
sharing folders
you can share folders saved on another computer in the local network