PART II
CYBER-BODIES
cyberspace has been its relationship with the body
Thus Galloway contradicts Lawrence Lessig’s arguments, made in both Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace and The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World that the Internet essentially started off ‘free’ and lacking any form of control and has been subjected increasingly to control by the law and commercial interests.
CYBER-COMMUNITIES
Digital arts communities has build a cyberspace and physical space
Early debates around the body-technology questions were polarized. There were people who offered that the cyberspace is a virtual space.
Virtual world
cyberspace is essentially a performance space, and just like acting in a movie does not make us the character, all our interactions on the internet are also performances. The idea of a virtual body or a digital self were proposed, thinking of the digital as an extension of who we are – as a space that we occupy to perform different identities and then get on with our real lives.
Additionally, it should be acknowledged that such communities can no longer be contained by clear borders
CYBER-GOVERNANCE
New technologies and new modes of interactiones have been created.
GOVERNANCE ISSUES
The nature and quality of consent provided by users
Recognition of the variety of models of virtual worlds
The perceived lack of lobbying power/ cohesive interests
amongst service providers;
The danger is that regulators, seeking to simply the regulatory environment may wish to lump them in together,leading to inappropriate forms of regulatory control
Communities tend to gravitate toward other communities that have similar ideals which results in the establishments of wider networks.
There are two myths of the internet controls and managements that can be found in internet folklore. One of the strategy claims that the internet cannot be governed .
The content , language , and accessability of some of the most popular online communities that heavily restricted .
One of the risks that regulated will be group in an attempt to streamline the regulatory environment which is it could result in erroneous types of regulatory control.
Clarification of the question of whose interest should be protected persuant to regulatory intervention (i.e children or adults)
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Global Gathering
International Events
Festival
There is a danger that if such questions are not meaningfully resolved by the service providers and key stakeholders,government will move to regulate virtual world without fully understanding. The case given concern frequently expressed by the mainstream media about the dangers of such environment, ranging from violence and pornography to paedophilia
The identification of an appropriate legal model for participations in virtual world
Code may allow or enable some particular activity that may be prohibited by the game rules or community norms
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VIRTUAL WORLDS
Text based, higly graphical, open, highly regulated
MMORPG
EverQuest
World of Warcraft
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CURRENT SOURCES OF GOVERNANCE
The EULA/ToS: the contractual terms accepted by the end
user, albeit frequently without reading them
The community rules or acceptable use guidelines
The code: the underlying physics of the world which
determines what the avatar can (or cannot) do
THE NATURE OF CONTROL
Seervice providers are both creator and controller of the virtual world. Virtual world service providers do not merely launch a completed environment, but from that time forth must also take responsibility for civic control as the 'manager of communities'.
CONSENT
The development of the ability to transmit content electronically, and hence to monitor, charge for and potentially restrict the use, reuse, modification and further transfer of that content, has led to a shift from the regulation of distributuion of such cntent from general laws such as copyright to the private ordering of rights through contract.
INTERNET GOVERNANCE
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Network individulism or weak collectivism is an effect of modern communications cultures and is particularly strong in the decented network that is the internet.