Use of repression - censorship + secret police/army + propaganda: Secret Police : 1855 - The Third Section, form of secret police inherited by Alex. ll. Failed to prevent attempts + plots on Alex. ll after 1866. Replaced w/ Department of State Police (Okhrana) in 1880 (more liberal) - powers were enhanced in 1880s to counter the growth of political pressure groups + parties Censorship : Russia experienced glasnost (openness), 1865, censorship relaxed, number of licensed newspapers rose from 6 to 66. The Ministry of Interior controlled censorship. Army : 1,400,000 men - most were peasant conscripts, officers drawn from nobility - dealt w/ internal law + order issues as well as wars. The Crimean War revealed the deficiencies in the military - led to reforms. Propaganda : Promotion of the Romanovs through pamphlets, portraits, photographs + staged events.