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Unit 1- Energy and Energy Resources, Convection, Elastic Potential Energy,…
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Convection
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Energy is transferred to nearby particles by conduction (the air particles collide with radiator surface)
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Elastic Potential Energy
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A spring constant, K, will tell us how much the object will expand
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The extension, e, is how much the object has stretched from its original length
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Units
- Elastic Potential energy in J
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Work done
Units
- Work done is measured in J, Joules
- Distance is measured in m, Meters
- Force is measured in N, newtons
When object A exert a force on object B, object B moves a certain distance
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Power
Units
- Energy transferred is measured in J, joules
- Power is measured in W, Watts
- Time is measured in s, seconds
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Specific Heat Capacity
- The specific heat capacity of a material is the energy needed to increase the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1 degrees
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Units
- Electrical energy is measured in J, joules
- Current is measured in A, amps
- Voltage is measured in V, volts
- Time is measured in s, seconds
Units
- Energy is measured in J, joules
- Mass of substance is measured in Kg
- Specific heat capacity is measured in J/kg°C, joules per kilogram per degree celsius
- Change in temperature is measured in °C, degrees Celsius
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Conduction
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Metals
- Metals have high thermal conductivity because they have free electrons
- When the metal is heated the electrons gain more kinetic energy
- So, they move faster and diffuse through the metal
- As they do this, they collide with other electrons and ions in cooler parts of the metal
- Passing energy on to them
Non-metals
- Electrons are bound within the atoms
- So it is only the atoms which heat up and shake into each other
- This is much less effective than energy transfer by free electrons
- This is why metals are better conductors
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Kinetic Energy
Units
- Kinetic energy is measured in J
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- Velocity is measured in m/s
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- Energy can not be created or destroyed
- It can only be transferred/transformed from one store to another
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Wasted energy output - The type of energy that the devices transfer that we do not want and cannot use