Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Memory - Coggle Diagram
Memory
MSM - Atkinson & Shiffrin 1968
- model to show how memory works
- made up of 3 unitary stores ( sensory register, STM, LTM)
- each store is different and info is transferred from one to another in a fixed, linear sequence
Sensory register
- memory store for the 5 senses
- large capacity
- constantly receiving info - most of it gets no attention so stays in the sensory register for a very brief duration
Attention
- if attention is focused on one of the sensory stores, then the data is transferred to STM
- first step in remembering
STM
- info held in STM to be used for simple tasks (e.g. working on maths problem)
- Limited duration - info will disappear quickly if not rehearsed
- also disappear from new info pushing out old info
Maintenance retrieval
- the more info is rehearsed the better its remembered
- STM transfers to LTM through rehearsal
LTM
- potentially unlimited in duration and capacity
Retrieval
- process of getting info from the LTM involves info passing through the STM
LTM
- memory for events that happened in the past
- anywhere between 2 mins and 100 years
- permanent memory store
Episodic
- memories of life events
-can be expressed verbally - available for conscious inspection (explicit)
- Time stamped - with reference to time and place
- may be less resistant to forgetting
Procedural
- memories of how to do things
- difficult to express verbally - unavailable for conscious inspection (implicit)
- not time stamped
- may be more resistant to forgetting
Semantic
- memories of knowledge of the world
- can be expressed verbally - available for conscious inspection (explicit)
- Not time stamped
- may be less resistant to forgetting
-
WMM - Baddeley & Hitch 1974
- felt STM was not just one store
- one store for visual processing & a separate one for processing sounds
- slave systems organised by central executive
Central executive
- coordinates the activities of the 3 subsections
- monitors incoming data from senses and LTM
- allocates the slave systems to tasks
- Capacity - limited - no capacity for storing data
Phonological loop
- processes info in terms of sound (acoustic coding)
- preserves the order the info arrives
- written and spoken material - The phonological store - stores the words you hear, The auditory process - used for words that are heard or seen - allows maintenance rehearsal
- Capacity - limited - 2sec
- contributes to our learning of language
Visuo spacial sketch pad
- processes visual and spacial info in a mental space 'inner eye'
- visual info - what things look like
- spacial info - the physical relationship between things
- Capacity - limited - 3-4 objects
STM
- memory for immediate events
- memories disappear if not rehearsed
-
Capacity - the amount of info that can be stored
Duration - the length of time the info can be stored
Coding - the format in which the info is stored