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SESSION 25 Art Deco + Machine-Age - Coggle Diagram
SESSION 25
Art Deco + Machine-Age
Radical pedagogies (2 experiments)
Overcoming academic teaching and education
Integration of knowledge and interdisciplinary work
Commitment to Production
1925 exhibition (soviet pavilion) - creates art deco
Exposition internationale des art décoratif et industriels modernes
April - October 1925 in Paris (7 years after the first world war to talk about industry & design)
Aim of the exhibition was to reestablish french decorative arts, fashion, and luxury goods at the forefront of international developments
Now they had to be applied into different fields (to compare and see with other country’s arts and industry)
Universal → international
Cross & multi disciplinary
Main point was to show that a new decorative style could be formed without reliance on tradition
Art deco style was born (US did not participate)
Post WWI: pavilions (made by countries )in the exhibition lacked technology, they were very traditional (made of bricks)
Galeries Lafayette Pavilion:
company made pavilions (grand magasins)
New decorative styles (not neoplasticism or futurism)
Innovation driven by companies not nations (through desire of consumers buying their products)
Le Corbusier= Pavilion of the L'esprit Nouveau
High ceiling were unheard of
New furniture (fight against ornamentations) → books on the table
New idea of modernity (avant garde)
Le Corbusier: Plan Voisin for Paris
Plan to demolish Paris and replace them with skyscrapers
How can we combine modernity and tradition and its constant fight
Radical Modernity example: USSR Pavilion by Konstantin Melnikov
Soviet Union had established diplomatic relations with most of the major capitalist powers
Soviet’s participation served to
Context: art as a political device
Constructivism
Pavilion: a sharp departure from conventional exhibition architecture
Radically new and innovative architecture
Building cut into pieces
Low cost budget
Influenced of soviet pavilion were massive
Share students with Bauhaus & Vkhutemas
Diverging modernity: primavera pavilion vs soviet pavilion
Both starting something new
Both been inspired by the machine and new production methods
Art Deco
Only art movement during the interwar period, starting from the Paris exhibition
Counter-reaction: eclecticism
Roaring 20’s
Promoted elegance, luxury, a reaction against enforced austerity of WWI
Aesthetics influenced design of everything, from buildings, to goods, fashion, furniture, and films
Showcasing modernity:
First order: graphic arts
Symmetry
Layered shapes
Aerodynamic curves
Metallic colors
Second order: Product design (fashion magazines, domestic products, showcase)
Third order: spatial design & urban design (urban scale → embraced by the US), architecture
Fourth order: systems (impact on society)
American contribution: the study and development of the assembly line
By breaking down all the stages of production process into mechanically repetitive units
Example: Henry Ford and his Ford-T model: he produced 16 million units
Mechanization: Americans developed the American system of manufactures based on interchangeability
Revolver
Required rigor in design and precision in cutting parts
Awarded most successful product of 1851 exhibition
Other examples: typewriters
Consumer culture: seen as femenine (made the product more decorative and elegant) → meaning of obejct impact meaning of viewer