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Soils of India - Coggle Diagram

- - - - They have evolved from the weathering of basalt a rock which is volcanic in nature
    - - Rich in iron calcium lim potash magnesim and alumina
      - They have self ploughing or self manuring. This is due to severe shrinage caused by deep fissures or cracks during the dry season. The surface particles fall into those cracks resulting in the chrning or mixing of top soil and subsoil
      - Deep black to dark brown due to presence of humus and iron
      - They are clayey in nature and have high moisture holding capacity
    - - Deccan trap region of the Peninsular Plateau, Bundelkhand and Madura Plateau. Formed in maharashtra gujarat Madhya pradesh Andhra Pradesh
  - - - Their texture varies from sandy and coarse to clayey and fine
      - They are alkaline in reaction
      - They are rich in plant nutrients like potash,lime and potassium
      - They are found upto depths of 500m
      - These soils are variable in color from light brownish to grey
    - - Location
        
        Deltaic alluvial soils
        
        They are found in the deltas of Mahanadi Krishna Godavari and Kaveri rivers. They have formed on fine silt and clay deposited by rivers at their mouths They are of a fine texture, are compact and clayey and hold moisture. Found mainly in West Bengal.
        
        Coastal alluvial soils
        
        Found in the coastal plains from Gujarat to Kerala and from Odisha to Tamil nadu.They are sandy in nature and very coarse
        
        Inland alluvial soils
        
        They are located in the plains of Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. They have a sandy and coarse texture. Found in UP and Bihar
      - Other
        
        Khadar
        
        Located close to the river, on the floodpalin
        
        Very fertile, fertility replenished during times of floods
        
        New alluvium
        
        Bhangar
        
        Located far from river, on river terraces
        
        Infertile, due to presenceof CaCO3 concretions
        
        Old alluvium
    - - They are found in the Sutlej Ganga Brahmaputra plains covering Punjab, Haryana, UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam
    - - Thay are one of the best agricultural soil and are used for growing crops such as rice, wheat sugarcane groundnut and cotton