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Air pollution (including cigarettes smoke), Airway inflammation secretions…
Air pollution (including cigarettes smoke)
Reactive oxygen species in lung
Acute
in airway inflammation (accumulation of inflammatory cell and release of harmful mediators, such as reactive oxygen species and proteases, into the lung tissue/airways)
Airway inflammation secretions that accumulated in the airway lumen
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Hypokalemia
malnutrition
Acute Exacerbations
Irrigation of cough reflexes in airway
Airway wall edema
cough
sputum production and sputum purulence
Limits outflow of air from lungs on expiration
Blood flow to lungs continue to perfuse under ventilated regions of lungs
V/Q Mismatch
Acute Respiratory Failure
Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Accessory Muscle Use
Air bronchoconstriction in response to inflammation
constricted airways create audible turbulent airflow on expiration
Wheezing
Cardiac Mobility
unexpired air becomes trapped in the lungs
Dynamic Hyperinflation
Lungs are larger
more blood remains in lungs
preload
Worsening of respiratory symptoms
Systemic spread of inflammatory markers via the bloodstream cause inflammation throughout the body
CPR
Attempts to restore normal arterial CO2 and O2 levels
จัดทำโดย นางอมรรัตน์ แก้วโพนเพ็ก เลขที่ 9
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