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Human nutrition - Coggle Diagram
Human nutrition
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7.1 - Diet
the food eaten in one day is a diet and a balanced diet is a diet that contains all the required nutrients, in suitable proportions, and the right amount of energy.
The 6 types of nutrients are: Carbohydrates, Proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water.
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are needed for energy and they include starch and sugars. Staples food include potatoes, wheats, maize, also is sweet foods, which contain sugar.
Fats and oils
They are needed for energy, and to make cell membranes. They act as an insulator, reducing heat loss from the body to the air. Also forms a layer around body organs such a skidneys, providing mechanical protections for them.
Proteins
Are needed to build new cells for growth and are also used to make proteins including haemoglobin, insulin and anitbodies.
Vitamins
Organic substances which are only needed in tiny amounts. Vitamin C deficiency can cause scurvy(pains in the joints and bleeding gums.) and Vitamin D deficiency can cause ricket(softening of bones and they becoming deformed.).
Minerals
Inorganic substances. Calium defiecieny causes brittle bones and teeth as well as poor blood clotting. Iron deficiency cause anaemia.
Water
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we get most of our water by drinking fluids, but some foods such as fruits also contain a lot of water.
Fibre
helps in keeping the alimentary canal waorking properly. Peristalsis - rhythmical muscular contractions that move food through the alimentary canal. A source is the outer husk of cereal grains.
7.3 - Digestion
physical digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller pieces, without making any chemical changes to the molecules in the food.
Chemical digestion is the breakdown of large molecules in food intow smaller molecules, so that they can be absorbed.
teeth
4 types of teeth, incisors, canines, pre-molars and molars.
Incisors are the front 8 teeth that are used to biting of pieces of food.
Canines are the pointed teeth at eith side used to tear food and for carnivores it is used to kill their prey.
Premolars are the teeth with broad, riged surfaces found between the canines and molars; they are used for grinding food to increase its surface area.
Molars are the teeth that are similar to premolars but are much broader and more ridged and also are used for grindign food to increase its surface area.
The structure of a tooth is that the tooth is embedded into the gum. the part of the tootth above the gum is covered in enamel(hardest substance, very difficult to break or chip.the comes the dentine( a living tissue beneath the enamel), then there is the pulp containing nerves and blood vessels. In the gum the tooth has cement, blood supply for the tooth.
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