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Civics and Citizenship - Coggle Diagram
Civics and Citizenship
Democracy and Government
Democracy is a system of governemnt where people are invlolved in making decisions for their country
There are different types of democracies, and Australia is a representative one. This means that the people choose leaders and representatives to acknkowledge their wants, need or opinions
Participation
In democracies, people can make decisions for their coutnry or highlight their issues through different methods. One of the most important of those methods for a representative democracy like Australia is elections
Elections
Elections are a process which allow people to vote for leaders in their government. Voting is compulsory for people over the age of 18 who are citizens of Australia
Some people agree with compulsory voting, saying that citizens have a responsibility to vote to enjoy other rights, or that the needs of everybody are adressed, not just the politcally educated people
Others disagree with compulsory voting, stating that people should have the right to choose to vote, or that people who are not politically aware could make abd decisions for their country
Freedoms
A right to talk, act or feel in any kind of way without being restricted
Freedom of:
Religion - people are entitled to practicising their beliefs without restriction, as long as it does not interfere with basic human needs
Speech - people are free to say what is on their mind through different types of media, if their speech does not discriminate against others unfairly
Association - individuals can gather with others that have similair thoughts, ideas or beliefs to pursue their goals as long as they abide by the law
Assembly- people have the right to gather peacefully with others to do things like protest peacefully, or express opinions and ideas
Movement - people are free to leave their country of birth, and decide where to go, temporarily or permanantly. This was restricted greatly during the pandemic
Rights
Something that all humans are entitled to regardless of age, gender or opinions
Examples:
- the right to live without fear
- to be treated equally
- the right to freedom
Laws
A set of rules that define how society acts, and punishments for crimes
Civil Law
Civil law is a type of law concerned with how people interact and their responsibilities between others. Civil law is more focused on private matters
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Criminal Law
Criminal law defines the standards of behaviour for people within communites, and can get people charged or punished for unacceptable behaviours, known as criminal offences
Examples:
- Defamation
- Trespass
- Negligence
Influencing LawThere are multiple ways normal members of society can influence or change laws, including:
- Petitions - formal requests that ask for changes in statutes which require signatures
- Demonstrations - rallies or protests organised to catch parliament's attention to an issue
- Use of media - People can use different types of media to make it easier for parliament to recognise their needs and wants
Traditional Law
Traditional law reflects beliefs, customs and forms of acceptable or unacceptable behaviours within First Nation communities.
Some laws between the two conflict so traditional law is slowly being incorporated into the Australian legal system, to better help the people of Australia to connect
Society
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Types of society
Multi-cultural
A multi-cultural society is one where people living in it are of different enthicities, cutlures and backgrounds
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Values
Values are beliefs that people hold often about what is right or wrong, or important
Values that Australia holds includes individual freedom, democracy, equality, respect and tolerance
Importance of Diversity
Diversity in society can bring a lot for a country. Having different cultures can bring new job opportunities and help the economy, as new restaraunts introduce different recipes and meals. Having a society with different experiences can help people learn more about the world around them and can stop harmful sterotypes from spreading
NGO's
A Non-Government organisation is one that is usually non-profit which aims to bring light to political or social issues within society. These organisations try to fix these problems by getting parliament's attention and convincing them to help, using methods like protests or petitions to be heard
One example is WAFA, which plans to save the environement and habitats of animals in WA by changing policies or laws and stopping mining happening in these areas