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Rock unit - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Size
      - Shape
      - Arrangements
      - The way the magma/lava cools can greatly affect the rocks’s texture
  - - - Gives time for the ions to collect
      - Gives time for the ions to collect
      - Forms large crystals
      - Happens beneath earth’s surface
    - - Stuck where they are
      - Forms small microscopic crystals
      - Happens on earth’s surface
- - - - This changes the rock by magma raising the temperature of the local area
    - - This occurs when two tectonic plates collide, and this causes high temperatures and pressure
      - Collision also changes the rocks composition
  - - - Comes from magma
      - The temperature increases with depth
      - Rocks have different minerals. Different minerals melt at different temperature.
        
        Partial melting
        
        Some minerals melt and cool slower than others. This leaves some of the minerals melted while others are still solid
        
        Fractional crystallization
        
        Different minerals form at a different temperatures
    - - Confining pressure:
        
        Pressure accociated with burial
        
        Pressure comes from all sides
      - Directed pressure
        
        Greater in one direction than others
        
        Pressure comes from one direction
    - - The fluid can help move mineral grains
      - Hydrothermal solutions are the fluids that help move minerals by dissolving original minerals and then depositing new ones
  - - - Formed under high temperature and elevated, directed pressure
      - Looks layered
    - - Formed under high ltemperaturs and been confining pressure
      - Not a layered appearance
- - - - Physical weathering is anything that breaks down the rock
      - Chemical weathering are when minerals in a rock turn into a new substance
      - This doesn’t change the rock’s composition
    - - The rock gets carried away by water, wind, ice, or gravity
    - - The rock loses some of its energy while being in eroded
    - - Compaction
        
        Process that squeeze and compresses the sediments on each other
        
        The rocks will push out the water that was in between
      - Cementation
        
        Dissolved minerals are deposited in the small spaces a,not the sediments putting them together to make a solid mass
        
        It solidifies the sediments together
      - Lithification
        
        Rocks get compressed and pressure, taking all the fluids out, and it centrally becomes a solid rock
    - - Clastic
        
        These are rocks made from preexisting rocks
        
        The size of the sediments can be classified
        
        Conglomerate: 2mm<
        
        Sandstone: 1/16-2mm
        
        Siltstomes: 1/256-1/16mm
        
        Shale: 1/256>
      - Chemical
        
        Rocks that are made of dissolved sediments that separate directed from water
        
        Chemical limestone comes from the calcite precipitation
        
        Rock salts come from the mineral halite precipitating from seawater
      - Biochemical
        
        Rocks are made from biological processes
        
        Living rgamisms takes up the dissolved minerals and uses them to form their hard and soft tissues
        
        When those living organisms die, their bodies are broken down, and it’s turn back into a rock
- - - - Igneous rock
      - Sedimentary rock
      - Metamorphic rock
    - - The rock cycle is what rocks go through
        
        Magma and lava
        
        Magma is molten rock under the Earth’s surface
        
        When magma reaches Earth’s surface it is called LAVA
        
        Malaga cools down to make igneous rock
        
        Igneous rock is eroded, deposited, and weathered into loose bits. These lose bits are called sediments
        
        Igneous rock gets broken down by a physical process or chemical process
        
        Sediments get lithified to form sedimentary rocks
        
        The sediments get carried by water and wind
        
        Lithification is a process that sediments go throuh
        
        Sedimentary rocks goes through metamorphism and created metamorphic rocks
        
        Heat, pressure, and fluids for metamorphic rocks
        
        Metamorphic rock gets melted creating magma
      - This process never ends
      - The cycle isn’t always the same
        
        It can skip a whole part of the process
        
        It can go back in the process
        
        Igneous rocks can become metamorphic rocks
        
        Enough pressure and heat, it will melt the igneous rock
        
        Metamorphic rocks can be weathered down to create sediments