Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

LANGUAGE & CULTURE - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Connotative meaning:
        i.e., "Cat out of the bag"
        "Black cat" = witchcraft
        "A cat lady"
- - - - :reminder_ribbon: STEREOTYPING :reminder_ribbon:
        :bulb: A non-scientific cognitive structure containing the perceiver’s knowledge, beliefs and expectancies about some human social groups.
        :bulb: Positive stereotypes and negative stereotypes– overgeneralisation
        :bulb: Acquired through socialisation – family, schools and the media
        :bulb: Filtered information
        :bulb: General assumption applies to all
        :bulb: Oversimplified, exaggerated and overgeneralised information
        :bulb: Resistant to change
        
        :gift: Positive Stereotypes: :gift:
        :bulb: Africans or African-Americans have more athleticism
        :bulb: Canadians are polite
        :gift: Negative Stereotypes: :gift:
        :bulb: Women Who Marry Older Men Are Gold Diggers
        :bulb: Police Officers Are Racists
      - :reminder_ribbon: PREJUDICE :reminder_ribbon:
        :bulb: A deeply held positive or negative feelings associated with a particular group
        :bulb: Ingroup vs Outgroup/Us vs Them
        :bulb: Provides a sense of superiority and power.
        :bulb: Four more common functions of prejudice are:
        (i) Ego defensive: in denial of one’s prejudice
        (ii) Utilitarian: believing that prejudicial beliefs result in a positive outcome
        (iii) Value expressive: maintain prejudice in the belief that it represents higher moral values
        (iv) Knowledge: Simplistic understanding of the world.
        
        :gift: Utilitarian example: :gift:
        :bulb: Suggesting the removal of Hispanics because they are tainting the workforce quality
        
        :gift: Value Expressive example: :gift:
        :bulb: 1521 Excommunication of Martin Luther
        
        :gift: Knowledge example: :gift:
        :bulb: Ignorant generalization/stereotyping
        
        :walking: 5 Scales of Expressions of Prejudice: :walking:
        :information_source: Antilocution – negative verbal remarks about a person or a group
        :information_source: Avoidance – Physically withdraw or avoid contact
        :information_source: Discrimination – Exclusion all members of a group from access of opportunity etc
        :information_source: Physical Attacks – Physical aggression against a person or a group or their property
        :information_source: Extermination – Physical violence with the intent of total elimination.
      - :reminder_ribbon: 3 LEVELS OF RACISM: :reminder_ribbon:
        :bulb: Individual – beliefs of one’s superiority over another race
        :bulb: Institutional – exclusion from equal participation because of one’s race
        :bulb: Cultural – denies the existence of the culture of a particular group
        
        :books: DEFINITION: :books:
        “Racism is the belief in the inherent superiority of a particular race that denies the basic quality of humankind and correlates ability with physical composition. Thus it assumes that success or failure in any societal endeavour will depend upon genetic endowment rather than environment and access to opportunity”
      - :reminder_ribbon: Ethics in Communication: :reminder_ribbon:
        :bulb: Relativism
        • Ethical systems vary among cultures and are equally valid
        • Values and morality are culturally bound
        • There is no single true morality
        :bulb: Universalism
        • Universal ethical precepts that apply to all cultures
        • Single acceptable moral principles