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Types of Text Taught in Junior and Senior High School in Indonesia -…
Types of Text Taught in Junior and Senior High School in Indonesia
Procedure Text
Linguistic features
The first sentence use time marker as a sequence of steps
ex: first ..., second ...
First sentence use word, phrase, or clause that indicate when is done
ex: when the spot is dry, record time
Use action verb and imperative sentence (command)
ex: 'Pour' some water into the ...
First sentence use adverb of manner
ex: Carefully ..., Quickly ...
Use word or language technique
ex; if the text is procedure so use procedure technique language
Provide a detailed description
ex: noun, tools, size, color, etc
Recommendation procedure text topic
In social science lessons: How to use an atlas to locate a place
In match lessons: How to find the perimeter or a rectangle using 1 cm cubes
In English lessons: How to organize an essay
In health lessons: How to treat snake bite
In natural science lesson: How to conduct an experiment
In sport lessons: How to play a game
In art lessons: How to tie-dye fabric
Organizational structure
The aim
State goals and predict possible conclusions
The materials & tools
Write down the tools and materials or objects studied
The steps
Describes the steps that must be carried out sequentially
(written with imperative / command)
Purpose
To show how something is done in sequence
Tips to make the reader understand the text
Explain the material needed at the beginning of the text
Each step must follow the other steps and sequence
Use simple language
Give number on each steps
Give the clear instructions
Give clear information that will do
Use diagram if needed
If use diagram must be showing it
Explanation Text
Types
Sequence explanation (explaining how)
Describe the phases of each process
ex: Mechanical explanation (How does a pump work?)
ex: Technological explanation (How does a computer work?)
Consequential explanation (explaining why)
Explain the reason for something
ex: Why does iron go rusty?
ex: Why do we have different seasons?
Also explained reason for an outcome & the consequences of an occurence (Feez&Joyce 1998b;14)
Combination of both (explaining how and why)
Linguistics features
Time relationship, especially in consequential explanation
ex: first, then, following, finally
Cause and effect link
ex: If -then, so, since
Generalised non-human partisipants
ex: water, evaporation, computers
Use action verb
ex: falls, rises, changes
Use passive sentences
Use present tense
Organization structure
Phenomenon identification
Explanation sequence
Example & suggestion
Example of sequence explanation
Watch the tracks
Don't confuse the reader
Identify tracking word
as: if, this, these drops, they.
Students must be watch the sources or references in the body of text, so that not plagiarism
Purpose
Reveals the reason for the occurrence of a phenomenon