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Exam 5 - Coggle Diagram
Exam 5
Popular genetics
Gene Pool
All of the alleles of every gene in a population make up the gene pool
A population is a group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same region and can interbreed with each other
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Hardy-Weinberg equation
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predicts an equilibrium-unchanging allele and genotype frequencies from generation to generation-if certain conditions exist in a population
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- No genetic drift. The population is so large allele frequencies do not change due to random sampling effects
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Frequencies in populations add up to 1
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Communities
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To predict if a population will grow or shrink, ecologists need to know birth and death rates for organisms at different ages as well as the current age and sex makeup of the population.
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Population age structure—Are there lots of: young individuals? Old individuals? Reproductive age individuals?; and similar questions
Population growth rate—How fast is the population size growing (or shrinking)? Population survivorship patterns—Does most mortality occur in the very young? The very old? Or equally across all ages?
Age distribution
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lx(Fx)x = average number of offspring per capita at time x, weighted by age x
Life table practice, R0
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Represents the expected number of offspring an individual will produce over its lifetime in the population.
If R0>1, the population size increases.
If R0<1, the population size decreases, and
if R0=1, then population size does not change.
Life table practice, G
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Calculated by taking the sum of the Age-weighted fecundity column and then dividing by the net reproductive rate
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For humans, typically 20-35 years of age
Lotka-Volterra models
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f=constant, indicating predator’s efficiency at converting the prey it has eaten into new predators
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Predator-prey cycling
At low prey and predator population sizes, prey increase exponentially
As more food for predators is available, predator survival and reproductive success increases, resulting in predator population growth following that of their prey
As predator populations increase, prey death rate exceeds birth rate, resulting in prey decline
As prey number declines, there is not enough food to sustain a high predator population and thus predator death rate exceeds that of birth rate
Heredity
Diploid individual
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Resemble each other in size, shape & hereditary information
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Independent assortment
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In general, the possibilities are 2n
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Crossing over

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3 Principles 
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Homozygosity, both alleles are the same
Principle of Segregation
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Alleles are segregated, separated, from one another during meiosis
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During meiosis, 2 members of a gene pair separate from each other
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Principle of Independent Assortment
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Patterns of Natural Selection #
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