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Prostate Cancer - Coggle Diagram
Prostate Cancer
Treatment
Low-risk cases
: closely monitored
High-Intensity Focused ultrasound
: focused ultrasound to heat and dissipate prostatic tissue and isolated malignant lesions
Focal Laser Ablation
: lasers are used to heat and destroy nodules
Cryoablation/Cryotherapy
: freezing and thawing prostate tissue to kill cancerous cells (can destroy surrounding healthy tissue)
Radiation Therapy
: External beam radiation (radiation administered from outside of body) and brachytherapy (radiation placed inside of body)
Surgery
: Radical Prostatectomy
Hormone Therapy
: stop body from producing testosterone
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
: used if hormone therapy is no longer working
Common Findings
African American
Physical findings
: firm or hard nodule on digital rectal examination. Asymmetry or general firmness may be observed
S&S
: trouble urinating, decreased focus in the stream of urine, blood in the urine, blood in the semen, bone pain, losing weight without trying, and erectile dysfunction
Diagnostic Tests
Ultrasound and MRI
Prostate screening tests: Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test
Biopsy
Pathophysiologic Factors
Infection
Chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) possible cause, but research is inconclusive
Inflammation
Chronic inflammation is usually a reaction to infections, radiations, hormones, and chemicals
Pathophysiology Etiology
Usually forms in the glandular part of the prostate. Cancer cells quickly start to multiply and surround the prostate tissue causing tumor nodules to form.
Metastasizes of the bones and lymphatic system is most common
Causative factors
Genetic and Hereditery
Risk Factors
Older age, ethnicity, obesity, male gender, increased height, hypertension, lack of exercise, persistently elevated testosterone levels, Agent Orange exposure, and family history