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Quran - "The holy book of the Islamic world. The Quran is said to…
Quran - "The holy book of the Islamic world. The Quran is said to consist of Allah's revelations to the prophet Muhammad, transmitted through the angel Gabriel. 
Mohammad - "The greatest of all prophets of God and ought to be acknowledged as such by all people in the world."
Abu Bakr - "The closest friend and companion of Muhammad and the first Muslim caliph. He was one of the first men to convert to Islam and was chosen by the Prophet as his companion on the Hijrah to Medina."
Hadith - "Any of the various collected accountings of the words, actions, and habits of the Prophet Mohammad during his lifetime."
Sunni - "The largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world’s Muslims. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the tradition of Muhammad."
Sh'ia - "One of the two main branches of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (leader) after him, most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from the caliphate as a result of the incident of Saqifah."
Gabriel - "Considered the most important of all the angels in Islam. In the Quran, the angel is called Jibreel or the Holy Spirit. The Angel Jibreel’s main responsibility is to communicate the Words of Allah to His prophets. It is Jibreel who revealed the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad."
Tawheed - "The greatest foundation of Islamic belief. In fact, a person is considered as Muslim if he/she accepts that there is no god worthy of worship, but Allah and that Muhammad is his slave and His messenger to humankind."
Theocracy - "Is a culturally right, authoritarian and economically variable ideology. Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Qur'an, the Sunnah (the sayings and living habits of Muhammad), Muslim history, and elements of political movements in the Islamic world."
Sharia - "The Islamic legal system derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith."
Al – Kitab - "(Arabic: People of the Book) in Islamic thought, those religionists—Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians, as well as the imprecisely defined group referred to as Sabians—who are possessors of divine books, as distinguished from those whose religions are not based on divine revelations."
Five Pillars - "Religious duties that provide a framework for a Muslim’s life."
Zakat (Almsgiving) - "Refers to purification in general and purification of wealth in particular, therefore, those Muslims who have wealth over a certain ratio, they are liable to pay Zakat on it and give it to those who are less fortunate and don’t have sufficient means to live their life in a standard way."
Sawm (Fasting) - "Term used to describe the act of fasting. Passed the age of puberty, Muslims are required to fast during the month of Ramadan, which entails abstaining from food, drink, sexual relations and displeasing speech and behaviour from sunrise until sunset'.
Salaat (Prayer) - "Is either obligatory (wajib) or supererogatory (mandub). The most important of prayers are the obligatory prayers performed daily five times, and there is consensus among Muslims that a person who denies or doubts their wujub is not a Muslim, even if he recites the shahadah, for these prayers are among the ‘pillars’ (arkan) of Islam."
Hajj (Pilgrimage) - "An Islamic religious pilgrimage that is a mandatory act of worship for all financially and physically capable adult Muslims at least once in their lives. The rituals last five days and take place on the eighth day of the Dhu al-Hijjah lunar month in Mecca, Saudi Arabia."
Mecca - "Regarded as the holiest city in Islam. Apart from the fact that Mecca was the birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, it is also the city where Islam’s holiest place of worship, the Great Mosque (more commonly known as al-Masjid al-Haram) is located.
Medina - "The second holiest city in Islam. It was the base from which the Prophet Muhammad conquered Arabia. The city is also the site of the Prophet’s Mosque and the center of jihad."
Shahaadah (Profession of Faith) - "a sacred testament given for Muslims to uphold throughout their lifetime and embody in all of their actions and intentions."
Jihad – lesser and greater - "Occurs on two fronts: the internal and the external. The internal struggle (the greater jihad) is the effort to attain one’s essence; the external struggle (the lesser jihad) is the process of enabling someone else to attain his or her essence."
Shirk - "One unforgivable sin in Islam, if one dies in this state. Associating a partner or others with Allah is a rejection of Islam and takes one outside of the faith."
Sufism - "Mystical Islamic belief and practice in which Muslims seek to find the truth of divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of God."