Fascism Rises in Europe
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Fascism’s Rise In Italy
Nevertheless, most fascists shared several ideas. They preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to one’s country
Fascists believed that nations must struggle peaceful states were doomed to be conquered. They pledged loyalty to an authoritarian leader who guided and brought order to the state.
Nationalism
HITLER RISES TO POWER IN GERMANY
Fascism
When Mussolini became the dictator of Italy in 1920, Adolf Hitler was a little-known political leader
- early life had been marked by disappointment
- he found a new beginning when WW1 broke out
- he volunteered for the German army
- twice awarded for the Iron Cross (bravery medal)
Nazi's had eventually become the largest political party by 1932
Conflict
Fascism is a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism and militarism. It also includes a denial of individual rights and dictatorial one party rule.
In some ways, fascism was similar to communism. Both systems were ruled by dictators who allowed only their own political party
Both denied individual rights. In both, the state was supreme. Neither practiced any kind of democracy. However, unlike Communists, fascists did not seek a classless society.
Mussolini Takes Control
Fascism’s rise in Italy was fueled by bitter disappointment over the failure to win large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
THE RISE OF THE NAZIS
after WW1, Hitler settled in Munich, Germany
1919 - Hitler joined the right wing tiny political group
- shared the political belief that Germany had to overturn the Treaty of Versailles & combat communism - later named itself the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NAZI FOR SHORT AND ADOPTED THE SWASTIKA)
after a short time, his success as an organizer led him to be chosen as the leader of the Nazi party
Conservative leaders believed they could control Hitler and use him for their purposes
Hitler was inspired by Mussolini's march on Rome, Hitler and his party decided to seize power in Rome in 1923
- the attempt failed and Hitler was arrested
- tried for treason but was sentenced to 5 years in prison (he served less than 9 months)
Hitler did a lot of things in office like...
ADOLF HITLER
Hitler could manipulate huge audiences with his fiery oratory - making speeches was crucial to Hitler
- "All great world-shaking events have been brought about...by the spoken word!"
he appeared awkward and unimposing so he rehearsed his speeches
he usually began a speech in a normal voice but as he spoke, his voice grew louder with anger - he ended in a screech and his hands flailed
he'd stop talking, smooth his hair, and look quite calm
Why might Germans have put their faith in Hitler?
Answer: They put their faith in Hitler because he put people to work and revived the economy.
after American loans ended, Germans turned to Hitler and civil unrest broke out
Hitler declared that Germany was overcrowded and needed more living space - promised to get there through imperialism and conquering Eastern Europe and Russia
What personal characteristics helped Hitler gain success as a leader?
He called for new elections hoping to win a parliamentary majority
What did Hitler believe were the rights and duties of the German master race?
What does Kristallnacht demonstrate about the power of the Nazis?
Answer: Their control over the people was very strong.
- he was a fiery orator (he gained people's respect and attention when he spoke)
- charisma
- his passion to succeed
- his vison for the future of Germany
Fascism
He banned all other political parties and had opponents arrested
Rise and Fall of Fascism/the-rise-and-fall-of-fascism)
- he named the master race the Aryans
- white skin, blonde hair, and blue eyes
Jews were less than 1 percent of the population
Militarism
Nazi's used them for troubles in the war
To growing numbers of Italians, their democratic government seemed helpless to deal with the country’s problems. They wanted a leader who would take action.
A newspaper editor and politician named Benito Mussolini boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces.
In October 1922, about 30,000 fascists marched on Rome. They demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of the government.
Il Duce’s Leadership
He abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except
the Fascist Party. He used terror and violence to enforce his policies.
Secret police jailed his opponents. Government censors forced radio stations and publications to broadcast or publish only fascist doctrines.
However, Mussolini never had the total control achieved by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union or Adolf Hitler in Germany.
Militarism
confilct
Nationalism
Does Fascism or Communism seem to be more concerned with the welfare of the people?
- Communism is more concerned with the welfare of the people
Why did Mousolini’s popularity increase as Italy’s economy declined?
- He offered leadership and change
CONFLICT
MILITARISM
MILITARISM
NATIONALISM