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Industrial revolution - Coggle Diagram
Industrial revolution
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Coal
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The flooding of mines meant that the first steam engine was made to pump out water. It was made by Newcombe
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Key industries
Iron
Pig iron could be used to make small things like swords and helmets but not big things like railways.
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The charcoal needed was very expensive to produce. This made the iron expensive too. Coal was not used due to its impurities.
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Iron was made through smelting iron (from the ground). This produced 'pig iron' which was not very strong.
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Iron was needed to make machines, railways etc.
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Cotton
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- 1733-John Kay. Invented a weaving machine called the 'flying shuttle'
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- 1764-James Hargreaves. Invented the 'Spinning Jenny'
Raw cotton was grown in America, India and Egypt then shipped to England
- 1769-Richard Arkwright. Improved the 'Spinning Jenny' using a waterwheel. Later steam power.
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By 1850 there were more than 2,000 cotton factories in Britain. This drove the price of cotton down dramatically.
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Steam (use of coal)
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1773-Watt partnered with Mattew Blouton. They produced more than 500 working steam engines together.
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Changes to transport
Canals
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Canals were man made and could be travelled on both ways. They were also direct. Canals could carry 40 tonnes.
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James Brindley designed and built nearly 400 miles of canals. The Duke asked him to build one from his mine to the city.
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In the second half of the 18th century, the iron, coal and cotton industries were growing.
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Railways
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On the first day of "The Rocket", it killed an MP Meaning not everyone was happy about trains.
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The motion of the train was very smooth. It was also fairly safe. Travelling was so smooth that you could write while on it.
The train was very popular but expensive. There was a first class which was very fancy with butlers. The second class was nice but expensive as well. Later a third class was added which could be awful. You could not charge more than 1 penny per mile for this.
The railway line could carry up to 1,000 passengers per day. The first train was called "The Rocket". It could travel up to 35 mph.
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In 1829, George and his son Robert Built the first major railway line. It ran from Manchester to Liverpool.
The Act meant that poor people could travel. It was also the beginning of holidays. e.g. to the beach.
The first passenger train was built in 1825 and ran between Stockton and Darlington. It was built by George Stephenson.
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Could travel long distance very quickly, even carrying heavy goods
Roads
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As the roads improved, journey times decreased greatly e.g. London to Edinburgh from 10 days to 2 days.
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Public health
Edwin Chadwick
1875 PH Act, makes changes compulsory. No more cholera outbreaks.
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Suggested that they started using sewers, more fresh water and a free doctor for each town.
Only when 14,000 people died did parliament listen
Found out that workers worked badly if they were ill. He suggested that they employ cleaners to clean the streets.
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Was a civil servant for the government and had to find out why people were dying so that there were more workers.
John Snow
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When he removed the pump, no-one died.
In 1854-cholera outbreak in Soho, 600 people died. Leaking toilet near the pump which contaminated it.
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