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2) PROTOCOL, SCADA, Example :, image, image, image, image - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Features
      - Capabilities
  - - - Upgrade
      - Update
      - Maintenance
      - Support
- - - - Serial
        
        RTU
        
        ACSII
      - TCP/IP
    - - 2-Wire point to point
      - 2 wire multidrop
      - 4- Wire point to point
      - 4 wire multidrop
      - Dial up modems
- - - - RTU/PLC used to control various field devices
        
        one MTU
        
        :check: Car manufacturing robot
        :check: Room temperature control
        :check: Water level control
    - - PLC/RTU connected with some DCS but using only 1 MTU
        
        LAN, WAN and Internet
        
        Example
        
        Water system
        
        Subways system
        
        Security system
    - - More than 1 MTU that connected each other and 1 MTU will act as coordinator
        
        MTU also can connects with external using LAN, WAN and Internet
        
        Example
        
        Power System
        
        Communication system
  - - - Human Machine Interface (HMI)
        
        Master Terminal Unit (MTU)
        
        Communications
        
        Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
        
        Sends control signals to the device under control, acquires data from these devices and transmits the data to the MTU
        
        MTU and Remote controllers
        
        Internet
        
        Wireless
        
        1 more item...
        
        Gathers data from the distant site and transmits control signals to the remote site
        
        Present and display data to the operator and provides control inputs
        
        Graphics
        
        Schematic
        
        Pull down menu
        
        Touch screen
        
        Window
      - Monitors the SCADA system
  - - - Station / Substation / Load Operation, Monitoring
        
        i. Current
        
        ii. Voltage
        
        iv. Power Factor
        
        v. Reactive Power, Active Power and Apparent Power
        
        vi. Temperature, Vibration and process variable
        
        iii. Frequency
    - - Energy system SCADA
        
        Load frequency control of national grid
        
        Control over exchange of power between regional grids
      - Distribution SCADA
        
        Control and supervision of distribution of power to various consumers minimum outages and minimum losses
    - - Monitoring the speed and frequency
    - - Collection of applications
      - Monitor and Control distribution network
      - Reducing outages
      - Minimizing the outages time
      - Maintaining acceptable frequency
      - Voltage levels are the key deliverable of a DMS
    - - Improve power quality
      - Reliability of the electric supply services
    - - i. National Load Control Center
        
        ii. Regional Load Control Center
        
        iii. Power Station Control Center
        
        iv. Substation Control Room
        
        v. Distribution Control Room
        
        1 more item...
  - - - Segregated from control functions.
      - Data logging
    - - Sensing Faults
      - Giving Alarms
      - Tripping Circuit Breaker
      - Auto-reclosing of circuit breaker
    - - SCADA System
      - Maintenance
        
        Cost
        
        Power consumption and heat generation
        
        Capability of functions
        
        Future project requirement
        
        Human Interface
        
        3 more items...
        
        Any change in the control program needs rewiring of the relays
        
        Easy to program and reprogram
        
        Relays are used only for on/off control
        
        Capability of arithmetic functions implementation
        
        Control relays consume more power, generating more heat
        
        SCADA consume less power and less generating of heat in the room
        
        Average cost systems
        
        Expensive system
        
        Difficult to troubleshoot and diagnose the fault for complicated control systems
        
        Self - diagnostics and easily maintained
      - Conventional Relay System
  - - - Improve operation of plant or process
      - Increase productivity of the personnel
      - Improve reliability of the process, equipment and part due to better information and control
      - Improve protection to the plant equipment
      - Safeguard to the environment from failure to the system
      - Improve energy saving due to optimization of the process handling
    - - Cost of providing and maintaining operator attended the failure and any switching event
      - Delay operation may lengthen an outage and deteriorate customer service
      - Operator attendance of remote stations are uneconomically
      - Easy to trace the failure
      - All personnel able to receive the real time information
  - - - is the process to maintain at the desired operation conditions,
      - safely and efficiently, while satisfying environmental and product quality requirements.
    - - Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
      - Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
      - Close Loop Diagram
      - Sensors
      - Transmitter
      - Controller
      - Final Control Element
- - - - Capacitive
        
        Resistive
        
        Inductive
        
        Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
        
        Optical
        
        100% transparency
        
        No coating
        
        High reproducibility
        
        1 more item...
        
        Good optical transparency
        
        Z-axis function
        
        Solid glass surface
        
        Requires use of fingers or other soft medium to operate
        
        Difficult to use in industrial application
        
        Signals are adversely affected by liquids or impurities on the surface
        
        1 more item...
        
        Very accurate
        
        Pressure-sensitive
        
        Ware is product-specific
        
        Absolute positioning possible
        
        Good handling
        
        Only pen not the palm of the hand is recognized
        
        Detection of the angle of inclination of the pen
        
        High energy requirement
        
        Simultaneous operation of keyboard & graphic tablet is difficult
        
        Wear is product-specific
        
        Construction
        
        Design
        
        Marketing
        
        Attractively priced
        
        Operated with different media (finger, pen, glove)
        
        High resolution
        
        Low power consumption
        
        Reduces optical transparency
        
        Polyester surface can be damages
        
        Tablet
        
        PDAs
        
        Game consoles
        
        Navigation devices
        
        Very resistant
        
        Very accurate
        
        Good optical transparency
        
        Good resolution
        
        Require bare finger or capacitive media (cannot operated with gloves)
        
        Deep scratches can can affect the function in the damaged area
        
        Tablets
        
        Smartphones
        
        Game consoles
        
        E-book readers
      - Advabtages
        
        Disadvantages
        
        Areas of application
- - - - Involve the networking of everyday objects
        
        Subdivided into different sub-areas
        
        Examples
        
        Smart Building
        
        Smart Mobility
        
        Smart Home
        
        Smart Societies
    - - Many innovations from the privet sector are being transferred to industries and not versa
        
        Represent a sub-area within the IoT
        
        Also called industry 4.0
        
        Focused on networking system, products and business partner
  - - - Control Level 1
        
        Supervisory Level 2
        
        Management Level 3
        
        Enterprise Level 4
        
        ERP
        
        Rough production planning, sales planning, strategic procurement processes, order processing, business controlling, provision of resource
        
        MES, MIS LIMS
        
        Detailed production planning and management, scheduling, determine KPIs specific to production, quality management, recording production data
        
        Process management system, HMI, SCADA
        
        Operating, observing, visualizing, formula management, measurement archiving
        
        PLC, fieldbus
        
        Controlling the technical manufacturing and transportation process, linking input data with the production of output data
      - Sensor, actuator, I/O link
      - Produce input signal, transform output signal into concrete technical responses
- - - - Controlled by one administrative authority
      - Small geographic area
    - - Lost popularity due to the latest wireless network
      - Need physical access
      - Free from external attacks
      - Connected locally with Ethernet cable
      - Connected by communication or network element
      - Mobility limited
      - Wired and wirless
      - Vary with external factors
      - Less expensive
    - - Computers connected in college
  - - - LAN networking that
        connects using wireless devices.
    - - Work on connecting wires to the switches and routers are neglected
      - Ethernet cable is not necessary
      - Porpular
      - Outstanding mobility
      - Vulnerable to external attacks
      - Varies due to external factors. Most affect the signal transmission
      - Connected wireless by communication or network elements
      - More expensive
      - Wireless
    - - Laptop
      - Tablet
      - Cellphone