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Civics and Citizenship Term 4 - Coggle Diagram
Civics and Citizenship Term 4
Forms of Government
Democracy: Democracy is a form of government in which the people have the authority to deliberate and decide legislation, or to choose governing officials to do so.
Dictatorship: A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader or a group of leaders which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.
monarchy
Consitiutional Monarchy: A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making.
Absolute Monarchy: Absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch rules without any consequences or rules.
A Monarchy is a political system where a monarch has all the power. A monarch is an individual ruler who functions as head of state.
Civics and Citizenship concepts
Justice. Justice is an Australian concept that encourages people to treat each other in a manner that is fair, balances and just in parts of our society.
Participation. Participation refers to the way good citizens contribute and take part in society. In Australia, we participate in the running of society in a number of ways. These ways include voting in an election or referendum, serving in a jury and paying taxes.
The Westminster System. The Westminster System is a form of parliamentary government .
Rights and responsibilities. This refers to our entitlements and duties as citizens. These rights make sure we are able to have a say in the way our country is run and are treated fairly in the process.
Democratic Values. Democratic values are the beliefs and ideals that are held by our society as a democracy. Such values include respect, equality, fairness and freedom
Democracy. A democracy is a system of government run by the people, for the people. In most democratic societies, citizens are involved in the running of society by electing people who will represent them in the government.
The Constitution
The constitution is a set of rules on how a nation is governed. It's like a guidebook on running a country.
Levels of government: The constitution ensures we have 3 levels of government.
State. The state government is in charge of state wide issues such as highways and public transport.
Local. Local governments are in charge of local shires eg. shire of Kalamunda and are responsible for things like rubbish collection.
Federal. The federal parliament is in charge of nation wide issues such as defense.
Before 1901, Australia was not a nation. It was 6 British Colonies These colonies were under the law making power of the British government.
How the constitution Shares power
The parliamentary branch has the upper house and the lower house which are also known as the senate and house of representatives
The executive branch has the power to enforce laws and has the cabinet. The cabinet has 20 ministers who have portfolios eg. defense portfolio
The 3 levels of government, also known as the division of power ensures one government doesn't get overwhelmed with too many responsibilities.
The judiciary decides when laws have been breached and decides on appropriate punishments.
Separation of Powers. The separation of powers allows different levels of parliament to be in charge of different things. Such as the parliamentary branch has the power to change laws, The executive branch puts laws into action and the judicial branch makes judgement on laws.
The Govoner General represents the king or queen. They have ceremonial roles such as giving out special honors, civic roles such as attending places that have been hit by natural disasters and constitutional roles such as guaranteeing the monarchs approval or royal assent to new laws.
Changing the constitution requires a nation wide referendum. The constitution has had a total of 8 changes since it was written in 1901
Australia's 5 express rights. Australia's 5 express rights are: The right to vote, the right to compensation for seizure of private property by the government, the right to trial by jury, the right to freedom of religion and the right to be free from residential discrimination.
Right to trial by jury- when if you are charged for a crime and plead innocent you have to have a fair trial with a jury of twelve stranger.
Right to be free from residential discrination- is when if you move from one state to another people cannot judge you because of where you come from and they must treat you like an equal
Right to freedom of religion- is the right for you to practice your religion as long as you are following the law while doing so.
Right to vote- All Australians have to right and responsibility to vote who represents them in the government once they turn eighteen years old.
The right to compensation for seizure of private property by the government- is when you get money from the government if they take your money for private projects.
Separation of Powers
Parliamentary branch: The parliamentary branch of government proposes new laws and has the house of representitives, senate and govoner general. The parliamentary branch checks on power of the executive branch through the house of representatives and the senate.
Executive branch: The executive branch enforces new laws through government departments and resources.
Judicial Branch: The Judicial branch makes judgment on new laws and decides on appropriate punishments. The judiciary repeals new laws that are deemed unconstitutional.
Referendums
A referendum is a nation wide and state wide vote on a particular change to the constitution. A referendum can only be successful if a double majority is reached. A double majority is wherever 50% of the population votes yes and 4/6 states votes yes to the change.
1967 Referendum. The 1967 Referendum was on first nations people being granted more rights. These changes include first nations people being counted as full Australian citizens and for laws for first nations people to be made by the federal government instead of the states. Over 90% of the Australia population and all 6 states voted yes to the change making it one of the most successful referendums in history.