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LING220 Morphology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Prefixes
        occur before the root of the word
        eg: "re-play", "il-legal", "in-accurate"
      - Suffixes
        occur after the root of the word
        eg. "faith-ful", "kind-er", "happy-ness"
      - Infixes
        occur inside the root of the word. (Not in English)
        eg. "bili" - "buy", "bumili" - "bought" (Tagalog)
      - Circumfixes
        occur around the root of the word. (Not in English)
        eg. "adil" - "fair", "keadilan" - "fairness" (Malay)
    - - Compounds consist of at least two free morphemes
        Free morphemes merge together first, then affixes after
    - - Words can contain multiple affixesThe base is whatever partially-completed word the affix is attaching to
- - - - Most nouns can be pluralized by adding the suffix –s/–es
        eg. Cat, Cats; Box, Boxes, Cemetery, Cemeteries
      - Irregular nouns form the plural in different ways.
        eg. Child, Children; Goose, Geese; Person People
    - - The genitive of singular nouns usually adds –’s
        eg. Jack’s pencil; A bat’s fangs
      - The genitive of plural nouns adds –’ after the s
        eg. Countries' governments
    - - Some verbs have irregular 3PS forms
        eg. She has a personal computer
      - Added to verbs in the present tense when
        the subject is in the 3rd person singular
        eg. He/She/It works; Rufus escapes;
        The company goes bankrupt
    - - Form that occurs after the auxiliary is.
        States that the action is/was ongoing.
        eg. Work, is working; drive, are driving; jog, were jogging
    - - Regular past tense is formed by adding ed
        eg. work, worked; trust, trusted
      - Some verbs have irregular past tense forms.
        eg. have, had; eat, ate; do, did
    - - Form that occurs after auxiliary have, States that the action has been completed.
        eg. move, have moved; hug, have hugged;
        irregular: had eaten; have been
    - - Created by adding er to shorter words.
        eg. young, younger; cute, cuter; clumsy; clumsier Irregular forms: good, better; bad,worse; little, less
    - - Created by adding est to shorter words.
        eg. Young, youngest; cute, cutest; clumsy, clumsiest Irregular forms: good, best; bad, worst; little, least