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U32 - Coggle Diagram
U32
2. NARRATIVE TEXTS
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Organised
Around the plot & characters by using story grammar (the knowledge of how stories are organized with beginning/middle/end)
Genres
- Folktales (wonder/tall/realistic tales, fables, legends, myths),
- Fiction (Contemporary/Science/Realistic/Historical)
- Mysteries: solving a crime/murder
- Fantasy: magical creatures, imaginary worlds
Folktales: traditional stories passed down from generation to generation.
- Wonder tales: fairy tales with magical creatures &elements
- Tall tales: exaggerated stories with extraordinary, larger-tahn-live characters & achievements
- Realistic tales: portray ordinary events / reflect everyday life, social customs, local traditions, etc.
- Legends: combine/blend historical facts with fictional elements, around an heroic character
- Myths: cultural or religious narratives that give an explanation to natural phenomena, involving Gods or supernatural creatures
- Fables: short narratives with animals/inanimate objects as characters with human-like qualities to convey moral lessons/messages
Definition & Purpose
Action, events in time & life in motion which answers the question “what happened?” in order to tell a story, but also to entertain, to inform, to change attitutes/social opinions or to provide an aesthetic experience
Instances
- Fiction: Novels, Short stories, Poetry, Plays, Drama, Comedy?
- Non-fiction: News stories, Biographies, Reports, Essays
3 Main features
Elements: characters & characterisation, theme, plot, setting
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Narratology
Studies what all narratives have in common. It tries to describe the narrative-specific system of rules.
The narrative component of narrative texts can & should be studied without reference to the medium or text type
2.1. ELEMENTS
Narrator
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Not the author, but the voice/person who creates the story. It belongs to the narrative world (like the characters) as either an Observant or Participant
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2.3. TEXTUAL FEATURES
Stream of consciousness
capture a character's thought process realistically, as it occurs
To explore the complexities of consciousness by narrating the characters' thoughts as a copy of the thoughts themselves (as they occur in their mind). Reproducing the continuous flow of the characters' mental processes without narrator intervention
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1. TEXT & TEXT TYPOLOGY
1.1. TEXT
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Intertextuality
The factors which make the use of one text dependent on the knowledge of previously encountered texts: how the production & reception of a text depends on the participants' (producer & receiver) knowledge of other texts
Historically & structuraly, texts do not occur in isolation, but are connected to other works of the same genres, and to other genres. This influence works in both directions
The relationship btw Texts types & Genres is not straightforward: Genres differ in their external formats , whereas Text types differ/are defined in terms of cognitive categories / communicative functions
Texture
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What distinguishes a text from sth that is not a text. It consists of cohesive relations within & between sentences. The interpretation of some element in the discourse is dependent on that of another. The macrostructure of the text combines with intrasentence structure and intersentence cohesion to provide a text (a fragment of language with texture)
Text
- "Any instance of living language that plays a role in some context of situation"
Although it is apparently made of words & sentences, it is really made of meanings. It is a semantic & pragmatic unit, not a linguistic one. Hence, it has to be considered from two perspectives at once, both as product & as process
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