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Social and Economical Aspects of COVID-19, Social and Economical Aspects…
Social and Economical Aspects of COVID-19
VACCINE HESITANCY
What are the 3C's ?
Confidence
Complacency: low perceived risk of getting disease
Convenience:
Who are the most hesitant?
younger age
non-Asian
low educated
Black people
What is an infodemic?
rapid spread of information on media whether accurate or inaccurate
Misinformation- unintentional usually
disinformation: deliberately spreading wrong information
Infodemic Curve
Measure and moniter
detect & understand
Respond and deploy interventions
Strengthen
Critical Health communication strategies
credability of the message and messenger
health literacy and digital health literacy
FACT CHECKING
Currency
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Purpose
Social and Economical Aspects of COVID-19
What are the stages of drug development?
PreClinical
begins with cells, then animal testing,
submitting IND application- data on preclinical trial, how drug is manufactured, protocols
STAGE 1
Involves testing on people- what dosage is safe through small increments
placebos not used
STAGE 2
tests effectiveness
small group of patients are treated
placebos not used
STAGE 3
proposed treatment better than currently available
randomized trial
hundreds of patients
placebos may be used
STAGE 4
approval from FDA; if granted side effects continued to moniter
The Basic economics
drug development is costly
average time is 7.3 years for phases
12/100 drugs get FDA approved
spending per new drug $1B
What are two key features of the economics?
Advanced Purchase Commitment- The US governments committed to buying certain number of doses from drug manufactures at agreed prices, provided vaccine was authorized- address issue of risk of lack of demand
Tiered Pricing- low income countries get access to vaccines and drugs at prices lower than those paid for by high income countries- address issue of access
HEALTH LITERACY & COMMUNICATIONS
What is health literacy?
capacity to obtain, process, understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
most people read at a low grade level
What factors affect health literacy?
communication skills
knowledge
culture
demands of healthcare
demands of situation