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physiological changes at puberty - Coggle Diagram
physiological changes at puberty
puberty
precocious (early)
development of sexual characteristics and without gamtogensis
a primary disorder of gonads or the adrenal glands independent of HPG system
early gamtogensis early and apperance of sexual characteristics
early activation of HPG axis
delayed
delay in onset
girls lack of thelarche in 13 years and menarche in 15 years
boys less than 3 ml testicular volume at 14 years
delay in progression
when it exceeds 4-5 years between the first pubertal sign and last stage
puberty delay and failure
gynecomastasia
it happen during the male development of boys
affect 30-65% of males (13-14 years
imbalance between the estrogen and testosterone
sensitivity of mammary glands to estrogen
conversion of testosterone to estrogen
benign if from 2-4 and pathologic if after stage 5
factors that contribute to the onset of puberty
genetic
environmental
geographical location
exposure to light
nutrition
physical changes
Female
stage 3
Growth spurt(2-3) and enlargement of breast and curled hair
stage 4
double mound of breast and more dense hair in traingle
stage 2
breast budding and downy soft pubic hair
stage 5
mature breast and dense hair and to the inner thigh
stage 1
no palbable breast and no growth pf pubic hair
Male
stage 3
8-12 ml and darker and curled hair
stage 4
12-15 ml and pubic hair extend to genitalia (growth spurt stage 3-4)
stage 2
3-6 ml and downy soft pubic hair
stage 5
more than 15 ml and hair extends to inner thigh
stage 1
less than 3ml testes and no pubic hair
HPG axis
in the onset of puberty
there will be the pulsatile secretion of the GnRH and FSH and LH
exact mechanism
the diminished brain inhibition or the neuronal stimulation of the hypothalamic gonadostat
the kisspeptin which is from the hypothalamic neurons is going to cause the stimulation of GnRH
the GABA which usually inhibit GnRH release there will be less GAPA so high GnRH
leptin
is the satiety producing hormone from adipocytes and it is going to cause less NPY that reduce GnRH release
women with anorexia nerves or do strenuous exercise and lose weight it will lead to the stop of mesntuarting
before puberty
in the first part of pregnancy FSH and LH are secreted without depending on hypothalmaus
second part reducing FSH,LH because of the placental hormones
infancy peak of FSH and LH because there is no feedback from placental hormones
growth spurt
will stop during puberty because of the estrogen and testosterone by the closure of the epiphyseal plate